Ludwig Müller-Uri
Ludwig Müller-Uri (born September 4, 1811 in Lauscha ; † November 7, 1888 there ) was a Thuringian glassmaker , artificial eye blower and pioneer of German eye prosthetics ( glass eye ), ocular studies .
biography
Ludwig Müller-Uri was born in Lauscha as the son of a glass blower . Already during his school days he was employed as an assistant in the glassworks . After finishing school, he trained as a sheet glass maker in the Marienthal glassworks . After completing his training, he returned to Lauscha and made glass eyes for toy animals and dolls. In making eyes for Sonneberger toys, he developed into the "most talented of his field" .
In 1832 the Würzburg ophthalmologist Prof. Heinrich Adelmann (1807–1884) became aware of the particularly well-made doll and animal eyes and contacted Ludwig Müller-Uri that same year.
Heinrich Adelmann induced Ludwig Müller-Uri to make the first attempts to create artificial eyes for people. To design the iris, Ludwig Müller-Uri developed "his own style of enamel paint painting " (enamel painting), which was later to be followed by the complete iris design made entirely of special glasses. As basic glass for the eyes of the body, he initially used the melted in the Lauscha glassworks Beinglas . In 1835 Ludwig Müller-Uri was able to insert his first eye prosthesis into a patient.
In 1868 the eye artists, especially Friedrich-Adolf Müller (nephew of Ludwig Müller-Uri) and the glass masters Septimius Greiner-Kleiner, Christian Müller-Pathle and August Greiner-Wirth developed the so-called cryolite glass (sodium hexafluoroaluminate).
Cryolite glass withstands tears much better than the lead glass commonly used in Paris or the leg glass previously used in Lauscha, so that the service life of the eye prostheses can be extended considerably.
In 1885 , the ideal design of the "iridoscleral rim" was achieved with the supple cryolite glass .
Ludwig Müller-Uri died on November 5, 1888 at the age of 77 in his home town of Lauscha.
Ocular studies today
Eye prostheses are one-off, one-off works of art that are individually adapted then and now. The ocularistics founded by Ludwig Müller-Uri is continued today in its tradition of eye production in approx. 30 companies, whereby the Thuringian eye glass artists have been considered unreachable as market leaders and look after approx. 100,000 - 200,000 customers all over the world.
Awards
- Great medal of merit for art and science at trade and industrial exhibitions in 1844 (Berlin) and 1855 (Munich)
- First prizes at world exhibitions in Vienna (1873) , Philadelphia (1876) , Sidney (1880), Melbourne (1881)
- 1878 Silver and 1887 Gold Medal of Merit of the Ernestine House Order for Art and Science from “his sovereign” Duke Georg II of Saxony-Meiningen
See also
- Glass eye from Lauscha
- Richard Müller-Uri , glassmaker from Hüttensteinach
literature
- Herbert Kühnert: Müller-Uri, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 511 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- www.kunstauge.ch
- WDR ZeitZeichen broadcast on September 4, 2011, to be heard in the podcast (accessed on September 4, 2011; MP3; 6.9 MB).
References
- ↑ Broadcast by WDR 5, ZeitZeichen: On the 200th birthday of Ludwig Müller-Uri, September 4, 2011, 9:30 a.m.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Müller-Uri, Ludwig |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German glassblower |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 4, 1811 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lauscha |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 7, 1888 |
| Place of death | Lauscha |