Martyrs of the Revolution in Mexico

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As a martyr of the revolution in Mexico , the revered Roman Catholic Church 22  priests and three laymen , during the Cristero War were killed in the late 1920s. They were by Pope John Paul II. On November 22, 1992 blessed and on 21 May 2000 Rome canonised . On November 20, 2005, 13 more witnesses of faith from this time were beatified in Guadalajara .

Historical context

Cristeros

In 1926, President Plutarco Elías Calles issued the so-called Ley Calles with drastic restrictions on the freedom of the Catholic Church, for example a ban on celibacy , a ban on many religious orders, etc. At the same time, a recently founded national church was strongly promoted in order to interrupt relations between the Catholic population and the Vatican . These circumstances led to a bloody civil war, the Guerra Cristera (1926–1929). After the end of the civil war, the clashes between church and state continued. It was only with the presidency of General Lázaro Cárdenas del Río that the relationship began to improve.

Many priests were organized in the Liga Nacional para la Defensa de la Libertad Religiosa ("National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom"), wore civilian clothes and worked in secret. Several priests were arrested and at least 40 were executed. At the beginning of the Guerra Cristera there were 4,500 priests in Mexico, in 1934 only 334, out of a population of 15 million. The lay organization Acción Católica de la Juventud Mexicana (“Catholic Action of Mexican Youth”) was also persecuted; some of its members were executed.

List of names

Canonization May 21, 2000

The 25 martyrs of the revolution in Mexico , canonized in Rome on May 21, 2000 are:

  • Cristóbal Magallanes Jara (Christophorus Magellan) (* Totatiche , Jalisco , July 30, 1869 - † there May 21, 1927), priest.
  • Román Adame Rosales (Romanus Adam) (* Teocaltiche , Jalisco, March 13, 1875 - † Yahualica October 28, 1927), priest.
  • Rodrigo Aguilar Alemán (Rodericus Aguilar) (* Sayula Jalisco, February 27, 1859 - † Ejutla April 21, 1927), Priest
  • Julio Álvarez Mendoza (Julius Álvarez Mendoza) (* Guadalajara , December 20, 1866 - † San Julián (Jalisco) March 30, 1927), priest.
  • Luis Batis Sáinz (Aloysius Batis Sáinz) (* San Miguel del Mezquital , September 13, 1870 - † August 15, 1926), priest.
  • Agustín Cortés Caloca (Augustinus Caloca) (* Teúl , Zacatecas , May 5, 1898 - † Colotlàn , Jalisco May 25, 1927), priest.
  • Mateo Correa Magallanes (Matthäus Correa) (* Tepechitlán , Zacatecas, 23 July 1866 - † Durango 6 February 1927), priest.
  • Atiliano Cruz Alvarado (* Ahuetita de Abajo , Jalisco, October 5, 1901 - † Cuquío , July 1, 1928), priest.
  • Miguel de la Mora de la Mora (* Tecalitlán , Jalisco, June 19, 1878 - † near Colima , August 7, 1927), priest.
  • Pedro Ramírez Esqueda (* San Juan de los Lagos , Jalisco, April 29, 1887 - † Teocaltitlán , Jalisco, November 22, 1927), priest, founded several educational institutions and a school.
  • Margarito Flores García (Joseph Isabel Flores) (* Teúl , Zacatecas , April 22, 1899 - † Atenango del Río November 12, 1927), priest.
  • José Isabel Flores Varela (Joseph Isabel Flores) (* Santa María de la Paz , Zacatecas, November 28, 1866 - † Zapotlanejo , June 21, 1927), priest, chaplain of Zapotlanejo.
  • David Galván Bermudes (* Guadalajara , January 29, 1881 - † Guadalajara, January 30, 1915), priest, professor in the seminary of Guadalajara.
  • Salvador Lara Puente (* Berlin near Durango , August 13, 1905 - † Atenango del Río November 12, 1927), layman , member of the Acción Católica de la Juventud Mexicana ("Catholic Action of Mexican Youth"), cousin of David Roldán Lara and executed with him.
  • Pedro de Jesús Maldonado Lucero (Petrus Maldonado) (* Chihuahua , June 15, 1892 - † February 11, 1927), priest and pastor in Chihuahua.
  • Jesús Méndez Montoya (* Tarímbaro, Mich , June 10, 1880 - † Valtierrilla , Guanajuato , February 5, 1928), vicar in Valtierrilla, Guanajuato.
  • Manuel Morales (* Mesillas , Zacatecas , February 8, 1898 - † Valtierrilla , Guanajuato , August 15, 1926), layman, member of the Acción Católica de la Juventud Mexicana ("Catholic Action of Mexican Youth") and President of the Liga Nacional para la Defensa de la Libertad Religiosa ("National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom"). Was executed with Luis Batis Sáinz after trying to save him.
  • Justino Orona Madrigal (Justinus Orona) (* Atoyac (Jalisco) , April 14, 1877 - † Cuquío , July 1, 1928), priest, founder of the Congregación religiosa de las Hermanas Clarisas del Sagrado Corazón ( Poor Clares of the Heart of Jesus).
  • Sabas Reyes Salazar (* Cocula , Jalisco , December 5, 1883 - † Tototlán , Jalisco, April 13, 1927), priest.
  • José María Robles Hurtado (Joseph Maria Robles) (* Mascota , Jalisco, May 3, 1888 - † Sierra de Quila , Jalisco, June 26, 1927), priest, founder of the Hermanas del Corazón de Jesús Sacramentado (Sisters of the Eucharistic Heart of Jesus)
  • David Roldán Lara (* Chalchihuites , Zacatecas, March 2, 1902 (?) - † August 15, 1926), layman, member and since 1925 President of the Acción Católica de la Juventud Mexicana ("Catholic Action of the Mexican Youth"), cousin of Salvador Lara Puente and executed with him.
  • Toribio Romo González (* Santa Ana de Guadalupe , April 16, 1900 - † Aguascalientes near Teqiola , February 25, 1928), priest
  • Jenaro Sánchez Delgadillo (* Zapopan , Jalisco , September 19, 1886 - † at Tecolotlán , January 17, 1927), priest.
  • Tranquilino Ubiarco Robles (* Zapotlán el Grande , Jalisco, July 8, 1899 - † near Tepatitlán , Jalisco, October 5, 1928), priest.
  • David Uribe Velasco (* Buenavista de Cuéllar , Guerrero , December 29, 1889 - † near San José Vistahermosa , Morelos , April 12, 1927), priest.

One of the martyrs of the revolution in Mexico was the Jesuit Father Miguel Pro (Michael Pro) (1891–1927), who was beatified in 1988 , but who was not canonized in 2000.

Beatification on November 20, 2005 in Guadalajara

The 13 martyrs of the revolution in Mexico who were beatified in Guadalajara on November 20, 2005 are:

  • José Anacleto González Flores and his eight companions:
  • José Dionisio Luis Padilla Gómez
  • Jorge Ramón Vargas González
  • Ramón Vicente Vargas González
  • José Luciano Ezequiel Huerta Gutiérrez
  • J. Salvador Huerta Gutiérrez
  • Miguel Gomez Loza
  • Luis Magaña Servín
  • José Sánchez del Río
  • José Trinidad Rangel
  • Andrés Solá Molist
  • Leonardo Perez
  • Dario Acosta Zurita

Web links

literature

  • Graham Greene : The Lawless Roads. A Mexican journey. (Alternative: Another Mexico ; German: lawless streets ). Longmans, London 1939; New edition Penguin, London 2006. ISBN 978-0143039730 . - Lawless Roads is an author's travelogue, not a novel. The government's fight against the Catholic Church deals with Greene in the novel The Power and the Glory ( The Power and the Glory ) , 1940th
  • Lothar Groppe : Michael Pro - A Mexican rascal becomes a priest and martyr . Munich 1988. - Here the historical circumstances and living conditions of these Mexican priests are well described in German.
  • José Martínez Puche OP (Ed.): Nuevo Año Cristiano . Several volumes. Madrid 2001.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Groppe, Lothar: Michael Pro, p. 163 (see literature)
  2. ^ Van Hove, Brian Blood-Drenched Altars Faith & Reason 1994
  3. ↑ Sheina, Robert L. Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899 p.33 (2003 Brassey's) ISBN 1574884522
  4. ↑ Cristóbal Magallanes Jara: Short biography in the Vatican
  5. ^ Román Adame Rosales: Short biography in the Vatican
  6. ↑ Rodrigo Aguilar Alemán: Short biography in the Vatican
  7. ↑ Julio Álvarez Mendoza: Short biography in the Vatican
  8. ↑ Luis Batis Sáinz: Short biography in the Vatican
  9. ↑ Agustín Cortés Caloca: short biography at the Vatican
  10. ^ Mateo Correa Magallanes: Short biography in the Vatican
  11. ↑ Atiliano Cruz Alvarado: short biography at the Vatican
  12. ↑ Miguel de la Mora de la Mora: Short biography in the Vatican
  13. ↑ Pedro Ramírez Esqueda: Short biography in the Vatican
  14. ↑ Margarito Flores García: Short biography in the Vatican
  15. ↑ José Isabel Flores Varela: Short biography in the Vatican
  16. ^ David Galván Bermudes: Short biography in the Vatican
  17. ^ Salvador Lara Puente: Short biography in the Vatican
  18. ↑ Petrus Maldonado: Short biography in the Vatican (wrongly given as the year of death 1937) [1]
  19. ↑ Jesús Méndez Montoya: Short biography in the Vatican
  20. ↑ Manuel Morales: Short biography in the Vatican
  21. ^ Justino Orona Madrigal: Short biography in the Vatican
  22. ↑ Sabas Reyes Salazar: Short biography in the Vatican
  23. ↑ José María Robles Hurtado: Short biography in the Vatican
  24. ↑ David Roldán Lara: Short biography in the Vatican [2] and portal on Latin American holy archived copy ( Memento from February 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ↑ Toribio Romo González: Short biography in the Vatican [3] and [4]
  26. ↑ Jenaro Sánchez Delgadillo: Short biography in the Vatican
  27. ↑ Tranquilino Ubiarco Robles: Short biography in the Vatican
  28. ↑ David Uribe Velasco: Short biography in the Vatican
  29. ↑ José Anacleto González Flores and his eight companions
  30. ↑ José Trinidad Rangel
  31. ^ Andrés Solá Molist
  32. ↑ Leonardo Pérez
  33. ↑ Dario Acosta Zurita