Munich memorials for victims of National Socialism
At the time of National Socialism, Munich was the “ capital of the movement ”. Numerous memorials commemorate the victims of National Socialism .
Memorials for resistance fighters
Honoring Munich resistance fighters against the Nazi state
The "Münchner Freiheit" square in the Schwabing district and a memorial plaque have honored the members of the Bavarian Freedom Campaign for their courageous resistance since 1946 . In the inner courtyard of the Ministry of Agriculture in Maxvorstadt Ludwigstrasse 2 , five members of the Bavarian Freedom Campaign are remembered who were murdered in April 1945: Hans Scharrer , Günther Caracciola-Delbrück , Maximilian Roth , Harald Dohrn and Hans Quecke . Erich-Mühsam-Platz at the intersection of Clemens-, Wilhelm- and Siegfriedstraße honors Erich Mühsam , the writer and also a member of the council government from 1918, who was murdered in the Oranienburg concentration camp in 1934 . On his house in the Schwabing district, Schellingstrasse 78, a plaque commemorates the social democratic resistance fighter from the group “ Neu Beginnen ”, Hermann Frieb , who was murdered in 1943 in the Stadelheim prison. The secondary school at Hohenzollernstrasse 140 is named after him. Since 1993, a memorial at the Nordfriedhof has been honoring the SPD member of the Reichstag, Antonie Pfülf , who committed suicide in 1933. In the Haidhausen district in Rosenheimerstraße between the Gema building and the Gasteig cultural center, a reminder of the worker Georg Elser , who carried out a failed assassination attempt against Hitler in 1939 and was murdered in the Dachau concentration camp in 1945 . The "Johann-Schmaus-Straße" in the Neuhausen district has been honoring Johann Schmaus and his son Anton, who fell victim to the " Köpenicker Blood Week " in 1933 , since 1987 . In the Pasing district, Nimmerfallstrasse and Franz-Stenzer-Strasse commemorate Hans Nimmerfall , a member of the state parliament , who lost his life in the Dachau concentration camp in 1934, and Franz Stenzer , a SPD member of the Reichstag , who was murdered there in 1933.
The Catholic opposition
In Neuberghauser Strasse in the Bogenhausen district, a memorial commemorates the Jesuit Alfred Delp , who participated in the resistance of the " Kreisau Circle " and was murdered in 1945 in Berlin-Plötzensee . At Bogenhauser Kirchplatz 1 , both Father Delp and the resistance fighters of July 20th are commemorated with a plaque: Hermann Josef Wehrle , Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod and Franz Sperr . A plaque on the church of St. Georg honors Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim . At the Ordenshaus St. Michael in Maxburgstrasse 1 , a memorial plaque informs about the resistance and death of the priest Rupert Mayer . The upright theologian is also remembered in the Palace of Justice , where he stood before the court. With its name and a bronze sculpture, the "Edith Stein School" is reminiscent of the Carmelite nun Edith Stein .
Places of remembrance for the "White Rose"
In the Maxvorstadt district, on the Geschwister-Scholl-Platz in front of the university, a memorial by Robert Schmidt-Matt was erected in the cobblestone pavement to commemorate the resistance out of Christian responsibility. A plaque from 1958 on the university building commemorates the names of the seven members of the resistance group “ White Rose ”. In lecture hall 13 of the university , a plaque honors the “White Rose” with a quote from Seneca . Furthermore, the “White Rose Memorial” was set up as an information center with the character of a museum in the main university building. A plaque from 1993 in the foyer of the Palace of Justice commemorates the six members who were sentenced in this courthouse with a quote from the closing words by Kurt Huber . In the Franz-Joseph-Straße 13 a plaque recalls that in this house the Scholl siblings who lived from June 1942 until her death in February 1943rd At the house at Mandlstrasse 28 , a plaque reports that Willi Graf lived here until he was arrested by the Gestapo . A memorial created by the sculptor Wilhelm Breitsameter in the Stadelheim prison can be visited, where the executions of opponents of the regime were carried out. In the cemetery at Perlacher Forst Stadelheimer Straße , a grove of honor also contains the graves of the members of the “White Rose”. A memorial stone in the forest cemetery is dedicated to the university professor Kurt Huber.
Memorial sites for all victims of the Nazi regime
On the square of the victims of National Socialism next to Maximiliansplatz there has been a monument to the victims of Nazi tyranny , a column with an eternal flame , by the sculptor Andreas Sobeck , since 1985 . It is dedicated to all victims of the Nazi tyranny . Across the street was the Gestapo headquarters, where thousands of opponents of the regime were tortured. In the Neuhausen district on Freedom Square , all victims in the resistance against the Nazi regime are commemorated. In the Harlaching district on the Isar-Hochufer at the corner of Harthauser Strasse / Holzkirchner Strasse , a memorial stone commemorates all resistance fighters and those persecuted in the “ Third Reich ”. The victims of political persecution are also named on a memorial plaque for war victims in Marienplatz 8, first floor. At the cemetery at Perlacher Forst , 4,092 victims of the Nazi dictatorship are buried in a concentration camp grove, of which a memorial stone commemorates. In the Giesing district at the crematorium of the Ostfriedhof St.-Martin-Straße / entrance to the S-Bahn station , a stele commemorates the victims among the political resistance fighters. At grave field 68 of the same cemetery, the victims of the resistance 1933–1945 are commemorated in addition to “the dead of the 1919 revolution”.
Memories of the Jewish victims of the Nazi tyranny
In Milbertshofen at the corner of Knorr- / Troppauer Strasse, a tree-like bronze sculpture commemorates the Milbertshofen Jewish camp . At Knorrstrasse 148, a transit station to the extermination camps, 4,000 people were housed in 18 barracks and used for forced labor . Another memorial at the St. Michael monastery in Berg am Laim is a reminder of the Berg am Laim collection camp . At the location of the former main synagogue on the corner of Maxburgstrasse and Herzog-Max-Strasse, a memorial stone points to the demolition of this church, which took place in June 1938. Above a restaurant in Herzog-Rudolf-Straße 1, a blackboard informs about the fact that the orthodox synagogue Ohel Jakob was burned down by SA men during the November pogrom in 1938 .
At the entrance to the former children's clinic on Lachnerstrasse , a plaque commemorates the doctor Julius Spanier , who was the only survivor to return from the Theresienstadt concentration camp , where the 45 patients from the Israelite private clinic and the Israelite hospital and nurses' home were deported in 1942. A memorial on Hermann-Schmid-Straße commemorates the location of the former hospital and nurses' home. A memorial in Antonienstraße commemorates the murdered children of the Antonienheim .
In the Institute for International Law, Veterinärstrasse 5, a memorial plaque honors the Jewish scientist Karl Neumeyer and his wife, who were driven to suicide by the Nazi dictatorship. In the Palace of Justice a plaque commemorates the persecuted Jewish lawyers. In the old Jewish cemetery in the Thalkirchen district, Thalkirchener Straße 240, there are nine graves of Jewish citizens, whose grave monuments remind of those resting there who fell victim to the Shoah . At the new Jewish cemetery in the Schwabing district, Garchinger Straße 37, the numerous victims of persecution are commemorated on the gravestones and with a large memorial next to the cemetery hall.
Memorial sites for concentration camp prisoners and forced laborers
The graves and the associated memorials for thousands of slave laborers who were deported to Germany during the Second World War are located in the Perlacher Forst cemetery . A memorial plaque at the Stielerschule at the corner of Stielerstraße / Bavariaring has been commemorating concentration camp inmates who u. a. found death in bombing squads. Bronze sculptures in Allach at the corner of Eversbusch / Höcherstraße , on Blutenburg , as well as in Pasing at Bahnhofsplatz, and in Oberschleißheim keep the memory of the death march of 6,887 prisoners alive, who were driven south from the Dachau concentration camp by SS troops in April 1945 and every other one of which was killed.
Victims of Nazi "euthanasia"
In the forest cemetery in Fürstenried, the remains of people killed in “wild child reuthanasia” and through abused medical research were buried and commemorated with a memorial stone.
Homosexual victims of the Nazi era
In 2017, on the corner of Oberanger and Dultstrasse in Munich's old town, the memorial to the lesbians and gays persecuted during the Nazi era was inaugurated.
Memorial to the withdrawal of medical license for Jewish dentists
On September 30, 2009, a memorial plaque to mark the 70th anniversary of the withdrawal of Jewish dentists from practicing medicine was erected in the Munich dental clinic in Fallstr. 34–36 in the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists.
Individual evidence
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Bavaria: "Robbed Dignity" )
