Toni Pfülf

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Antonie Pfülf (before 1920)

Antonie "Toni" Pfülf (born December 14, 1877 in Metz , † June 8, 1933 in Munich ) was a German politician (SPD).

Live and act

Life in the Empire (1877 to 1919)

Antonie Pfülf was born the daughter of a colonel . From 1888 to 1894 she attended a secondary school for girls in Munich. From 1900 to 1902 Pfülf was trained as a teacher at the teachers' seminar in Munich.

In the following years Pfülf worked as a teacher in Oberammergau , Peiting and finally in Munich- Milbertshofen . For health reasons, she retired in 1915 and worked as a poor and orphan carer in Munich from 1916 to 1918. During the revolution of 1918/19 she was the only woman on the workers 'and soldiers' council in Munich.

Weimar Republic (1919 to 1933)

Toni Pfülf (third from left) in a group of female MPs of the MSPD in 1919
The female MPs of the MSPD in the Weimar National Assembly on June 1, 1919; Toni Pfülf is sitting on the far left

As a young woman, Pfülf joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From January 1919 to June 1920 Pfülf was a member of the Weimar National Assembly , in which she represented constituency 24 (Upper Bavaria). In the meeting on July 17, 1919, Pfülf, together with Marie Baum ( DDP ) and Clara Mende ( DVP ), pushed through the abolition of so-called teacher celibacy .

In the Reichstag elections of June 1920 Pfülf was 27 (Upper Bavaria) as a candidate of their party for the constituency in the parliament elected. In the election of May 1924 , Pfülf was confirmed as a member of her old constituency, which now traded as constituency 24 after renumbering the constituencies . From December 1924 to June 1933 Pfülf finally represented constituency 25 (Lower Bavaria) in parliament. During these nine years she was re-elected five times ( 1928 , 1930 , July and November 1932 , March 1933 ). The most significant parliamentary event that Pfülf took part in during her time as a member of parliament was the passage of the Enabling Act in March 1933. Pfülf was one of 94 members who voted against the law that formed the basis for the establishment of the National Socialist dictatorship and with a majority of 444 to 94 votes was decided.

In addition, Pfülf stood out in the Reichstag primarily as a school politician. She advocated equal opportunities for boys and girls in school and training and was involved in the negotiation of the Weimar school compromise . As a member of her party's program commission, she helped the SPD to include the first signs of a women's quota in its Heidelberg program (1925) . At the end of the 1920s, Pfülf was one of the most determined supporters of a more energetic fight against National Socialism in the ranks of the Social Democrats. This earned her some inflammatory articles in the striker .

Memorial plaque on Pfülf's house at Leopoldstrasse 77 in Munich

Period of National Socialism (1933)

Before the Reichstag session on May 17, 1933, when Parliament was supposed to approve Adolf Hitler's foreign policy concept , she voted against the participation of the (remaining) Social Democratic MPs in order not to serve the regime as a “parliamentary fig leaf”. Desperate about the futility of this attempt and about the general political developments, Pfülf made his first suicide attempt one day later. She was briefly detained after calling for resistance. She committed suicide on June 8, 1933.

Commemoration

A memorial plaque was attached to her house at Leopoldstrasse 77 in Munich .

Works

  • Culture and school policy. Explanations of the Görlitz program. JHW Dietz successor, Berlin 1922.
  • The dissolution of the old family . In: Gerhard Danziger (Ed.): Jugendnot. Lectures given at the 9th public meeting of the Federation of decisive school reformers in the New Town Hall of Berlin-Schöneberg on October 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1922. Oldenburg, Leipzig 1922, pp. 26-30.
  • The discipline of the welfare educational institution . In: Arbeiterwohlfahrt. Born 1926, Issue 1, pp. 14-18 (digitized version) .
  • The reform of divorce law . In: Arbeiterwohlfahrt , 1928, 3 (1928), issue 1, pp. 3–9 (digitized version) .

literature

  • Toni Pfülf. In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism . Volume 1: Deceased Personalities. JHW Dietz successor, Hanover 1960, pp. 239–240.
  • Antje Dertinger : Only death lies in between. Life and death of the socialist Antonie Pfülf. JHW Dietz successor, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-80-120096-5 .
  • Social Democratic Party of Germany (ed.): Committed to freedom. Memorial book of the German social democracy in the 20th century. Marburg 2000, ISBN 3-89472-173-1 , p. 253.
  • Martin Schumacher (Hrsg.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933–1945. A biographical documentation . 3rd, considerably expanded and revised edition. Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1 .
  • Antje Dertinger:  Pfülf, Toni. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 364 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Antonie Pfülf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ernst Piper : With a trembling heart. In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 23, 2008; Jörg Wollenberg : From adjustment to dismantling: Trade unions and SPD in May 1933. In: Sozialistische Zeitung No. 5, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Pfülf, Toni
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pfülf, Antonie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD) and member of the National Assembly, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH December 14, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Metz
DATE OF DEATH June 8, 1933
Place of death Munich