Matronae Mahalinehae

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The Mahalinehae or Mahlinehae are matrons that have been handed down in inscription by three votive stones from Cologne and Benzelrath from the 2nd / 3rd century.

Inscriptions

In this fragmented dedicatory inscription found in 1883 under rubble on the banks of the Rhine in Deutz as the lower part of an altar, the Mahalinehae are associated with the native god Hercules Magusanus and divine beings such as the ( Genius loci ) together with the Matronae Abirenae .

"Pro sa [l (ute) d (omini) n (ostri)?] / [Herc] uli Magusan [o Ma / tron?] Is Abirenibu [s et] / [Sil] vano et Genio [loc (i)] / [Dia] ne Mahal [ineis] / [Vic] torie Mercu [rio] / [cete] risque dis dea [bus] / [om] nibus. Similini [us) / [- - -] nus vered (arius) [et] / [- - -] stis Dirmes [us?] [Vetera] nus item cu [rat (or)] / [n (umeri) Brito] num cum [- - -] "

The second Cologne inscription was found in 1843 at the “Gereonshof” in the north-western city center.

"Matronis / Mahlinehis / Tib (erius) Claudius / Taticenus / v (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito)"

In the former Benzelrather Braunkohletagebau " Wachtberg I " of the altar stone in 1934 was found whose Dedikanten (founder) five indigenous, Romanized siblings (with Germanic part ubischen called) name ( "Lellua, Fervesa") its fifth hence "Quintus". The stone shows decors on the narrow sides: on the right a grouping of cornucopia, rudder and the globe with two degree circles. The left side shows a small three-legged (sacrificial) table with a box in view from above, on the box is a plate with served fruit.

"Matronis / Mahlinehis / Viponi Vitalis / Lellua Candidus / Fervesa Quintus / l (ibentes) m (erito)."

Epithet and interpretation

In addition to the frequent ending on - nehae, the epithet shows the Germanic tribe * maþala for "assembly and assembly site" or "court, court speech " (German outdated: Mahlstatt to Old High German mahal ). This tribe is a frequent element in the formation of place names in the West Franconian settlement / dominion area (or the Belgian places Hermalle-sous-Huy, Flémalle , Momalle) as well as in the name of Detmold and personal names as in the evidence of Mallobaudes and Mallovendus . Furthermore, the form has the element - in - that shows a group of other Germanic matron's leg names that are derived from a place or place name (or Fachinehae , Textumeihae , Austriahenae ). Rudolf Simek puts the epithet to the Roman-era reconstructed place name * Mahlinium, today's Mechelen . The epithet has a linguistic peculiarity because the sound change of the consonant þ to h for the time of the matron's inscriptions (2nd to 3rd century) is unlike the later (pre) Old High German evidence.

The name can be interpreted as "goddesses of the thing or place of justice".

See also

literature

  • Brigitte Galsterer, Hartmut Galsterer : The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne. IKöln². (= Cologne research. Volume 10). with the participation of Stefan Breuer, Bettina Goffin, Michael Herchenbach, Stephan Meusel, Sabine Schmall and Stefan Schrumpf. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-8053-4229-2 , pp. 72, 143; No. 52, 149.
  • Siegfried Gutenbrunner : The Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions. Max Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1936, p. 182f.
  • Max Ihm : The mother or matron cult and its monuments. In: Bonner Jahrbücher. Yearbooks of the Society of Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland . 83 (1887), p. 22. ( Internet Archive )
  • Robert Nedoma : Personal names in South Germanic runic inscriptions. Studies on old Germanic onomastics I, 1, 1. (= Indo-European library. 3rd row: Investigations ). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 978-3-8253-1646-4 , p. 372ff.
  • Herbert Nesselhauf : New inscriptions from Roman Germania and neighboring areas. In: Reports of the Roman-Germanic Commission 27 (1937), pp. 51-131; here 115, no.241.
  • Günter Neumann : The Germanic matron names . In: Matronen und related deities (= supplements to the Bonner Jahrbücher 44). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne / Habelt, Bonn 1987, ISBN 3-7927-0934-1 , pp. 103-132 = Astrid van Nahl, Heiko Hettrich (eds.): Günter Neumann: Name studies on Old Germanic (= supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Antiquity, Vol. 59). de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0 , pp. 253-289; here 229, 261 ( fee-based Germanic antiquity online at de Gruyter ).
  • Hermann Reichert : Lexicon of Old Germanic Names , Volume I, II. (= Thesaurus Palaeogermanicus . 1,1 / 1,2). With the collaboration of Wilibald Kraml and Robert Nedoma. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987–1990, vol. 1 p. 485, vol. 2 p. 570.
  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , p. 262.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ CIL 13, 8492
  2. ↑ CIL 13, 8221
  3. ↑ Lellua female, Fervesa probably female.
  4. ↑ Leo Weisgerber : The names of the Ubier. Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Cologne / Opladen 1968, pp. 145f., 150f., 161.
  5. ^ Fritz Fremersdorf: New inscriptions from Cologne. In: Germania. Bulletin of the Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute . Volume 19 No. 2 (1935), pp. 131 - 137, here 132 Digisat available online
  6. ↑ AE 1935, 0101
  7. ↑ Jan de Vries: Old Norse Etymological Dictionary. 2nd edition, Brill, Leiden / Boston 1977, p. 367. Vladimir Orel: Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill, Leiden / Boston 2003, p. 263.