Manningaburg

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Manningaburg
The Manningaburg in Pewsum as it is today

The Manningaburg in Pewsum as it is today

Castle type : Niederungsburg, location
Conservation status: Preserved essential parts
Standing position : Count
Place: Pewsum
Geographical location 53 ° 26 '8.2 "  N , 7 ° 5' 42"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 26 '8.2 "  N , 7 ° 5' 42"  E
Height: 2  m above sea level NN
Manningaburg (Lower Saxony)
Manningaburg

By a wide Graft surrounded Manningaburg in Pewsum was originally a chief seat of the East Frisian family Manninga , also lords of Lütetsburg , Jennelt and Westeel were. In 1565 Hoyko Manninga sold the Niederungsburg and the Pewsumer mill to Count Edzard II of East Friesland and his wife Catherine of Sweden . Only the outer bailey of the original castle is preserved.

history

The local chieftains from the Manninga family had the castle built in the 15th century. The Manninga are said to have emerged from the association of the Beningamans of the Emsigerland . Pewsum was probably the oldest ancestral home of the family. It is still unclear who built the castle in Pewsum. For the first time, in 1404, a Dedeke to Pewsum appears as a chief in the documents.

In 1458 Poppo Manninga rebuilt the Pewsumer Castle. It was probably Fokko Manninga who, around 1530, placed the order to have the splendidly furnished New Castle built right next to this building . Her two towers subsequently also served as navigation marks. The entire building complex, consisting of the old outer bailey and the new upper bailey, was enclosed by three moats. After Fokko's death, his son Hoyko Manninga took over his inheritance in 1540. He continued the expansion of the Pewsum castle. However, his father had already left him a large mountain of debt, which Hoyko, who was considered wasteful, increased considerably. Little by little he had to sell the old family property in order to serve his creditors. As early as 1540 he sold his Jennelt estate to his relative Christoph von Ewsum , in 1560 the Asinga house in Warffum (province of Groningen ), in 1560 and 1562 still land at Visquard and lands at Jennelt that still belonged to him. In 1565 he was finally forced to sell the castle and the glory of Pewsum for 80,000 guilders to Catherine of Sweden , the wife of the then sovereign, Count Edzard II .

The new owners often stayed at the castle. Since 1611 she was the residence of her daughters, the countesses Sophia († 1630 in Pewsum) and Maria, the later Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Danneberg. It was they who established the tradition of giving “castle bread” to the poor in the community of Pewsum and Woquard , which was maintained until the First World War .

During the Thirty Years' War, Count Peter Ernst II. Von Mansfeld , in 1623 the later Field Marshal Dodo von Knyphausen and in 1644 the Hessian General von Eberstein lived in the castle.

In the 17th century, the East Frisian princes often stayed here with their guests (including the stay of the Great Elector during his trip to the Netherlands in 1634). In 1669 the castle was extensively renovated. Then began to decline. The lack of money in the East Frisian Princely House of Cirksena made urgently needed repairs impossible. Above all, the structure of the upper castle suffered. In 1716 it finally had to be demolished. After the death of the last local prince, Carl Edzard , the castle came into the possession of the Prussian King Friedrich II . He wanted to sell it for demolition, but abandoned this plan because the bids for the plant seemed too low to him.

In 1859 the castle came into private hands. Today only the lower castle, the core of the castle complex from 1458, is preserved. The gatehouse with Dutch influence dates from around 1550. The outer bailey (with the stables) and the upper bailey (the castle) from the 16th century were demolished in the 18th century.

In the 20th century, Cornelia, Hermine Heusler-Edenhuizen's sister, ran a children's home in the castle from around 1920 to 1930. In the time of National Socialism , the Gauführerschule Weser-Ems was housed in the castle. In March 1935 the first one-year leadership course began there with 40 participants, in which the fundamentals "of the leadership of the political soldier" were to be laid. During the Second World War the building served as a hospital. Afterwards displaced persons were quartered there.

In 1954 the “Heimatverein Krummhörn e. V. “with the help of the North District and the East Frisian Landscape . At that time the complex was on the verge of decay, so that the association first had to extensively renovate the castle. In 1980 the Krummhörn municipality took over the castle. The castle currently houses a museum and the registry office , where around 100 couples are married every year.

Building description

From the former plant is today only the outer bailey . It is surrounded by a wide moat . The foundation walls of the castle, built by Poppo Manninga in 1458, have been preserved to this day in the west and south wings of the outer bailey. The north wing was built around 1550 based on the Dutch model with alternating sandstone and brick bands, the so-called bacon layers.

  • Manningaburg inner courtyard

  • Castle seen from the northwest

  • Castle seen from the southwest

  • West side of the castle

museum

The museum is a member of the Ostfriesland Museum Association . It deals with the history of castle building in East Frisia and the Groningerland. You can see the remains of the ornaments of the former palace complex of Pewsum as well as models of other castles that no longer exist today in East Frisia. Another focus of the permanent exhibition is the history of church building in East Frisia and religiosity. Changing exhibitions complete the program.

literature

Web links

Commons : Manningaburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Manninga-Burg.de: The history of the Manninga castle (part 1) . Accessed April 11, 2013 (now offline).
  2. ^ A b c Günter Müller: 293 castles and palaces in the Oldenburg area - East Friesland . Oldenburg 1977. p. 193 f.
  3. ^ Ortschronisten der Ostfriesischen Landschaft: Pewsum, municipality Krummhörn, district Aurich (PDF; 944 kB), viewed on May 16, 2013.
  4. ↑ Heimatverein Krummhörn: Burgmuseum Pewsum and its chronicle , viewed on May 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ Heyo Prahm: Hermine Heusler-Edenhuizen: The first German gynecologist: life memories in the struggle for the medical profession of women . Leverkusen 2005. ISBN 3938094389 . P. 186.
  6. ↑ Gesine Jannsen: - a shining example of philanthropy: the Israelite community in Emden from the beginnings to the Holocaust Emden 2010. p. 128.
  7. ↑ Heimatverein Krummhörn: Pewsum Castle. History of a chief's castle . Self-published. 2nd revised edition. Pewsum 2007. p. 25
  8. ↑ a b Eberhard Pühl: Old brick houses in East Friesland and in Jeverland . Isensee publishing house. Oldenburg 2004. ISBN 978-3-89995-323-7 . P. 142