Mannitol hexanitrate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Mannitol hexanitrate
other names	Nitromannite; Dilangil; Hypertenain; Manex; Manitrin; Maxitat; Medemanol; Nitranitrol; MHN; (2 R , 3 R , 4 R , 5 R ) -hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanitrate;
Molecular formula	C 6 H 8 N 6 O 18
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	239-924-6
ECHA InfoCard	100.036.280
PubChem	61818
Wikidata	Q1890796
properties
Molar mass	452.16 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.604 g cm −3
Melting point	112-113 ° C
solubility	practically insoluble in water; soluble in acetone, diethyl ether and hot ethanol;
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger
H and P phrases	H: 200
	P: ?
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Mannitol hexanitrate or nitromannitol is a chemical compound from the group of nitric acid esters and a rarely used explosive. It can be used both as an initial explosive and as a main charge. Due to its poor stability , it is not used in Europe as it can be replaced by other more stable explosives. Only in the USA has it achieved a certain importance as a detonator filling. It is stabilized with ammonium carbonate and must be absolutely acid-free, otherwise it can detonate spontaneously.

Extraction and presentation

It is by the esterification of mannitol with nitric won. For this, mannitol is dissolved in cold concentrated nitric acid and then precipitated with concentrated sulfuric acid .

properties

Mannitol hexanitrate forms colorless crystalline needles that melt at 112 to 113 ° C. The standard enthalpy of formation Δ _f H ⁰_solid is −708.8 kJ mol ⁻¹ , the combustion enthalpy Δ _c H ⁰_{solid is} −2936 kJ mol ⁻¹ .

Explosion parameters

Mannitol hexanitrate is an explosive substance. It is included in the Explosives Act in the list of uniformly explosive substances for which the Act applies in full. Important explosion indicators are:

Heat of explosion : 5928 kJ kg ⁻¹ (H ₂ O (g)) .

Detonation velocity : 8260 m · s ⁻¹ at the density of 1.73 g · cm ⁻³

Normal gas volume : 755 l kg ⁻¹ .

Specific energy : 1087 kJ kg ⁻¹

Deflagration point : 185 ° C

Lead block bulge : 51 cm ³ g ⁻¹

Impact sensitivity : 0.8 N · m, 1 N · m

Friction sensitivity : 30 N

use

In addition to its use as an explosive, it is used in medicine as a vasodilator in angina pectoris .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Entry on mannitol hexanitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k J. Köhler, R. Meyer, A. Homburg: Explosivstoffe. 10., completely revised. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 .
↑ Entry on Mannitol hexanitrate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ ^a ^b G. R. Handrick: Report of the study of pure explosive compounds. Part IV: Calculation of heat of combustion of organic compounds from structural features and calculation of power of high explosives. In: Report C-58247 for the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, contract DA-19-020-ORD-47 by the Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA, 1956, pp. 467-573.
↑ L. Roth, U. Weller: Hazardous chemical reactions. ecomed Verlag, 64th supplement, 8/2011.
↑ ^a ^b Klapötke, TM : Energetic Materials Encyclopedia , de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2018, ISBN 978-3-11-044139-0 , p. 281.

[GESTIS-1] Entry on mannitol hexanitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[Explosivstoffe-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k J. Köhler, R. Meyer, A. Homburg: Explosivstoffe. 10., completely revised. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 .

[CLP_100.036.280-3] Entry on Mannitol hexanitrate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[Handrick-4] G. R. Handrick: Report of the study of pure explosive compounds. Part IV: Calculation of heat of combustion of organic compounds from structural features and calculation of power of high explosives. In: Report C-58247 for the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, contract DA-19-020-ORD-47 by the Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA, 1956, pp. 467-573.

[Roth_Weller-5] L. Roth, U. Weller: Hazardous chemical reactions. ecomed Verlag, 64th supplement, 8/2011.

[Energetic_Materials_Encyclopedia-6] Klapötke, TM : Energetic Materials Encyclopedia , de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2018, ISBN 978-3-11-044139-0 , p. 281.