Manuel Angelos Philanthropenos

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Manuel Angelos Philanthropenos ( Middle Greek Μανουήλ Ἂγγελος Φιλανθρωπηνός ; * before 1373; † after 1420) was a Byzantine vassal lord of Thessaly from around 1390/1392 until the conquest by the Ottomans in 1394.

Life

Manuel came from the Byzantine aristocratic family of the Philanthropenoi , who had been at the top of the Byzantine military aristocracy since the middle of the 13th century. He was very likely the son (or brother, nephew) of Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos , who ruled Thessaly from 1373, and was related to the last Nemanjid Tsar of Thessaly, Jovan Uroš .

When Alexios died around 1390, Manuel Philanthropenos took control of Trikala . As he realized his (alleged) father latest 1392/93 the suzerainty of the Byzantine Empire and received in return of Emperor Manuel II. Palaiologos (perhaps even by his predecessor John V. ) the Kaisar granted title. In 1393 the Ottomans under Sultan Bayezid I , who had previously conquered Thessaloniki , attacked Thessaly with a large force, occupied the province and forced Manuel to flee to Constantinople the following year . He would remain the last Christian ruler of the region until it was annexed to the Kingdom of Greece in 1881.

Manuel Philanthropenos was in the service of Emperor Manuel II in 1395/96 and again in 1420 as ambassador to Hungary . The time and circumstances of his death are unknown. His daughter Anna Philanthropene married Emperor Manuel III in 1395 . of Trebizond . Manuel Philanthropenos was probably the grandfather of the Serbian prince Mihailo Anđelović and the Ottoman grand vizier Mahmud Pasha .

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literature

  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Тесалија у XIII и XIV веку (= Посебна издања . Vol. 15). Византолошки институт САНУ, Београд 1974, pp. 272–281.
  • John Van Antwerp Fine: The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 1994, ISBN 0-472-08260-4 .
  • Thierry Ganchou: A propos d'un cheval de race: un dynaste de Trébizonde en exile à Constantinople au début du Xve siècle. In: Rustam Shukurov (ed.) Mare et Litora. Essays presented to Sergei Karpov for his 60th Birthday. Indrik, Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-91674-028-8 , pp. 553-575.
  • Rodolphe Guilland: Recherches sur les institutions byzantines. Vol. 2 (= Berlin Byzantine Works. Vol. 37). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 35.
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 .
  • Raymond-Joseph Loenertz : Notes sur le règne de Manuel II à Thessalonique. In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift 50, 1957, pp. 390–396, here: pp. 392–394.
  • William Miller : Trebizond. The last Greek Empire. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London 1926 (reprinted by AM Hakkert, Amsterdam 1968).
  • Donald M. Nicol : The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479. A contribution to the history of Greece in the middle ages. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, ISBN 0-521-26190-2 , p. 153.
  • George Christos Soulis: The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331-1355) and his successors. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC 1984, ISBN 0-88402-137-8 , OCLC 59251762 , p. 119.
  • Théoharis Stavrides: The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). EJ Brill, Leiden 2001, ISBN 90-04-12106-4 .
  • Erich Trapp , Hans-Veit Beyer, Ioannes G. Leontiades, Sokrates Kaplaneres: Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit . 12. Fascicle: Τοβλάταν - Ωράνιος (= Publications of the Commission for Byzantine Studies . Vol. 1/12). Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2072-9 , p. 96 No. 29771.
  • Dionysios A. Zakythenos : Le despotat grec de Morée. Tome 1: Histoire politique. Institut Néohellénique de l'Université de Paris, Paris 1932, p. 152.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See ODB , pp. 1649, 2074; Fine, Late Medieval Balkans , p. 353.
  2. ↑ See PLP 12, p. 96; Fine, Late Medieval Balkans , p. 353.
  3. ↑ See Fine, Late Medieval Balkans , p. 353.
  4. ↑ Cf. Ganchou, Cheval de race , p. 561 f.
  5. ↑ See Miller, Trebizond , p. 72.
  6. ↑ See Stavrides, Sultan of Vezirs , p. 78.
personal data
SURNAME Manuel Angelos Philanthropenos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Μανουήλ Ἂγγελος Φιλανθρωπηνός (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine emperor, lord of Thessaly
DATE OF BIRTH before 1373
DATE OF DEATH after 1420