Marcel Nencki

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Marcel Nencki

Marcellus Wilhelm von Nencki (also Marcel, Marceli; born January 15, 1847 in Boczki , Kalisz Governorate , Congress Poland ; † October 14, 1901 in Saint Petersburg ) was a Polish- Swiss physician and chemist ( biochemistry , organic chemistry ).

Life

He was the son of a landowner and first studied philosophy in Krakow (1863), Jena (1864) and Berlin , where he studied philology. In 1867 he went to Berlin to study medicine . He specialized in physiological chemistry with Bernhard Naunyn , Otto Schultzen and Adolf von Baeyer . In 1870 he received his doctorate with the oxidation of aromatic compounds in the animal body and was then assistant to Adolf von Baeyer at the Berlin industrial institute .

In 1872 Nencki became head of the laboratory for medicinal chemistry at the University of Bern . In the same year he qualified as a professor in medicinal and pathological chemistry. In 1873 he was appointed honorary professor. In 1876 he took over the management of the newly founded Medical-Chemical Institute, which was connected with the promotion to associate professor . In 1877 he was finally appointed full professor . In 1891 Nencki was naturalized in Bremgarten near Bern .

From 1892 he was head of the physiological-chemical department at the Imperial Institute for Experimental Medicine in Saint Petersburg. The doctor Nadeschda Olimpijewna Siber-Schumowa was his assistant or assistant from 1877 and took over his management function after his death.

In chemistry he dealt with heterocycles ( quinolines , quinaldines ), found the Nenckische reaction (synthesis of hydroxyketones with zinc chloride as a catalyst) in 1881 and was the first to synthesize indigo by oxidizing the indole with ozone in 1875. In biochemistry he investigated the decomposition of Proteins by bacteria (with indole, skatole , skatolacetic acid and gases containing mercaptan as a product) and in the 1890s, in collaboration with Leon Pawel Teodor Marchlewski , showed the similarity of blood pigment and chlorophyll (published 1901), i.e. compounds from animal and blood Plant kingdom. He isolated hematin and hematoporphyrin and certain pyrrole as a ring building block of hematoporphyrin.

Publications

  • About the precursors of urea in the organism ; In: Ber. d. German. chem. Society zu Berlin, 1869
  • About the urinary pigments from the indigo group and about digestion of the pancreas ; Ib. 1874
  • On the constitution of guanamines and polymeric cyano compounds ; Ib. 1876
  • To the knowledge d. Putrefaction ; Ib. 1877
  • To the knowledge of the leucine ; Journ. f. practical chemistry, 1877
  • About the chem. Mechanism of putrefaction ; Ib. XVII
  • About the viability of the fissure fungi in the absence of oxygen ; Ib. XIX
  • Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the animal body ; Magazine f. physiol. Chem., 1880
  • On the decomposition of gelatine and albumen in putrefaction with pancreas ; Bern, 1876
  • Contributions to the biology of the fungus ; Leipzig, 1880
  • Urorozeina nowoznaleziony barwnik wmoczu ( Urorosein , a newly discovered urine pigment ); Grazeta lekarska, 1882
  • About a new method, the physiol. To measure oxidation and the influence of poisons and diseases on it ; Pflueger's Archive, XXXI
  • Marceli N. opera omnia ; Braunschweig, 1904, 2 edited volumes

literature

personal data
SURNAME Nencki, Marcel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nencki, Marcellus Wilhelm von (full name); Nencki, Marceli
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish medic and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Boczki , Kalisz Governorate , Congress Poland
DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1901
Place of death St. Petersburg