Mare de tobacco

Mare de tobacco
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	Mare de Tabalak (winter 1990/1991)
Geographical location	Tahoua region , Niger
Tributaries	Tadiss , Ibaga
Drain	Tadiss
	Data
Coordinates	15 ° 6 ′ N , 5 ° 40 ′ E Coordinates: 15 ° 6 ′ N , 5 ° 40 ′ E
Altitude above sea level	270 m
surface	7 km²
length	15 km
Middle deep	3 m
Catchment area	1,091.41 km²

The Mare de Tabalak is a lake in the Tabalak municipality in central Niger .

geography

The Mare de Tabalak is located near the village of Tabalak, the capital of the rural municipality of the same name, which belongs to the Abalak department in the Tahoua region. The lake is located at a height of 270 meters at the transition from the Sahel zone in the south to the Sahara desert in the north. To the south and southwest of the Mare de Tabalak rises the Ader Doutchi plateau in the Ader landscape , while the sand dunes of the Tadrès landscape begin to the north and northeast .

The permanent water area extends over 700 hectares , with a flood zone that is more than ten times the size. The lake is 12 to 15 kilometers long and has an average depth of three meters. The dry valley Tadiss , a side valley of the Dallol Maouri running to the Niger and originating from the Tiguidit terrain on the southern edge of the high mountains Aïr , is a feeder and drain of the Mare de Tabalak. Another tributary is the Ibaga dry valley . The catchment area of the Mare de Tabalak is 109,141 hectares and includes parts of the municipalities of Tabalak, Kalfou and Keita .

The lake was created in the 1970s as a result of a dam breach in the Ibaga dry valley instead of a densely forested marshland. Similar lakes formed in Niger in the 1970s: the Mare d'Akadané and the Mare de Dan Doutchi . In 1996 the Mare de Tabalak dried up completely due to the low rainfall in the previous year.

colonization

There are several settlements around the lake. On the west bank north of the village Tabalak are the hamlets Center Peule, Chilélène, Ichirifan and Manatéré, on the east bank - from north to south - the village Tsaouna, the hamlets Saouna Chininilla and Agargar and the village Faché. The village of Kéhéhé and the hamlet of Zongon Boukara follow south of the Mare de Tabalak. At the 2012 census, Tabalak, the largest village in terms of population, had 7167 inhabitants, while all the mentioned settlements together had 18,137 inhabitants. The village of Tabalak came into being in its current form through the formation of the lake in the 1970s, when it attracted immigrants from the surrounding areas as well as from Birni-N'Konni and Nigeria . The important trunk road N25 , which was paved between 1976 and 1980, runs along the lake . The population residing at the Mare de Tabalak belongs predominantly to the ethnic groups of the Tuareg and Hausa .

ecology

In the Mare der Tabalak fish were successfully released, initially the African predatory catfish , later the Nile perch and Oreochromis niloticus were added. Crabs , toads and frogs also live in the water . The bird life on the lake is of particular importance. Many thousands of migratory birds are attracted every year. Crowned cranes, for example, are rarely found in other areas of Niger.

In the floodplains of the lake there is an unusually dense vegetation for the desert-like surrounding area. Plantings with trees such as red eucalyptus , Prosopis juliflora , gum arabic trees and neem trees are of particular importance . The numerous grass-like plant species include Cenchrus biflorus , black nightshade and Typha australis as well as several Aristida , Brachiaria and barnyardgrass species.

The wetland of the Mare de Tabalak is protected under the Ramsar Convention . The 107,100 hectare area was placed under protection on September 16, 2005.

Economical meaning

The Mare de Tabalak shapes the economic life of the local population, who mainly live from agriculture and fishing. The soils of the flood plains offer good conditions for growing cowpeas , cassava , sorghum , sweet potatoes and onions as well as for fruit growing. They also serve as pastureland and the extraction of construction and firewood. The annual yield from fishing is between 100 and 300 tons. This makes the Mare de Tabalak, along with the Mare d'Ossolo and the reservoir near the Téra dam, one of the most important stagnant waters in Niger used for fishing. The water from the lake is also used as drinking water and for household chores.

The lake is used in an organized way: on the one hand by means of the authority of the traditional rulers (chefs traditionnels) , who are responsible for the management of natural resources, on the other hand through various associations such as a fishing cooperative, an agriculture committee, a fish trade association and a Women group.

literature

Ramatoulaye Abdoulaye Ali: Identification des principales causes de la baisse des captures des poissons dans la mare de tobacco . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2012.
Mahaman Moustapha Adamou, Bassirou Alhou, Yahaya Nazoumou, Gilbert Alloke: Impacts des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sur les ressources et la qualité des eaux de la mare de tobacco . In: International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences . Vol. 9, No. 3 , 2005, ISSN 1997-342X , p. 1665-1677 ( ajol.info ).
Joost Brouwer, Hamadou Amadou Abdoul Kader, Thomas Sommerhalter: Wetlands help maintain wetland and dryland biodiversity in the Sahel, but that role is under threat: an example from 80 years of changes at Lake Tabalak in Niger . In: Biodiversity . Vol. 15, No. 2–3 , 2014, pp. 203-219 ( researchgate.net ).
S. Charha: Indicateurs d'existence d'avantages potentiels de la mare de tobacco . Mémoire. Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2001.
Mathilde Joncheray: Gestion et développement durable autour de la mare de Tabalak, Niger. Permanences, mutations, enjeux . Mémoire. Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble I, Grenoble 2004.

Web links

Commons : Mare de Tabalak - Collection of images, videos and audio files

La Mare de Tabalak. In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 13, 2018(English).; accessed on March 25, 2019
Observations for mare de tobacco. In: West African Bird DataBase .
Observations for mare de tobacco, partie est. In: West African Bird DataBase .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 2–3 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 4 and 6 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).
↑ ^a ^b Mahaman Moustapha Adamou, Bassirou Alhou, Yahaya Nazoumou, Gilbert Alloke: Impacts des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sur les ressources et la qualité des eaux de la mare de tobacco . In: International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences . Vol. 9, No. 3 , 2005, ISSN 1997-342X , p. 1666 ( ajol.info [accessed March 25, 2019]).
↑ ^a ^b National Repertoire des Localités (ReNaLoc). (RAR; 11.3 MB) Institut National de la Statistique de la République du Niger, July 2014, pp. 320–321 , accessed on August 7, 2015 (French).
↑ Joost Brouwer, Hamadou Amadou Abdoul Kader, Thomas Sommerhalter: Wetlands help maintain wetland and dryland biodiversity in the Sahel, but that role is under threat: an example from 80 years of changes at Lake Tabalak in Niger . In: Biodiversity . Vol. 15, No. 2–3 , 2014, pp. 204 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 25, 2019]).
↑ Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 390 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 7–8 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).
↑ La Mare de Tabalak. In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 13, 2018, accessed March 25, 2019 .
^ Documentation of the important areas of food security and threat of the Niger River Basin. (MS Word; 254 kB) Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) / Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN), 2005, accessed on October 29, 2018 (English).

[FDR_2004_2_3-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 2–3 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).

[FDR_2004_4_6-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 4 and 6 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).

[Adamou_1666-3] Mahaman Moustapha Adamou, Bassirou Alhou, Yahaya Nazoumou, Gilbert Alloke: Impacts des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sur les ressources et la qualité des eaux de la mare de tobacco . In: International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences . Vol. 9, No. 3 , 2005, ISSN 1997-342X , p. 1666 ( ajol.info [accessed March 25, 2019]).

[ReNaLoc-4] National Repertoire des Localités (ReNaLoc). (RAR; 11.3 MB) Institut National de la Statistique de la République du Niger, July 2014, pp. 320–321 , accessed on August 7, 2015 (French).

[5] Joost Brouwer, Hamadou Amadou Abdoul Kader, Thomas Sommerhalter: Wetlands help maintain wetland and dryland biodiversity in the Sahel, but that role is under threat: an example from 80 years of changes at Lake Tabalak in Niger . In: Biodiversity . Vol. 15, No. 2–3 , 2014, pp. 204 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 25, 2019]).

[6] Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 390 .

[FDR_2004_7_8-7] Seyni Seydou: La Mare de Tabalak. Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR). In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 10, 2004, pp. 7–8 , accessed on March 25, 2019 (French).

[8] La Mare de Tabalak. In: Ramsar Sites Information Service. April 13, 2018, accessed March 25, 2019 .

[Food_security-9] Documentation of the important areas of food security and threat of the Niger River Basin. (MS Word; 254 kB) Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) / Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN), 2005, accessed on October 29, 2018 (English).