Margarete Mengel

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Margarete Mengel (* 12. May 1901 in Dusseldorf , † 20th August 1938 in Butovo ) was a German clerk and former Bauhaus -Chefsekretärin that in the Soviet Union of the victims Stalinist purges was.

Life

Mengel was Jewish . At the age of 25, she gave birth to her son Johannes Mengel in January 1927. The child's father was the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer .

Mengel joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1931 and worked for them as a courier. Also in 1931 she followed Meyer with their son and the Bauhaus shock brigade Rot Front and a group of German architects , including the Bauhaus student Peer Bücking , to the Soviet Union to help build a new society under socialism . In January 1933 they reached Moscow. At first she was employed in the Comintern , later she worked in the letter department of the Deutsche Zentral-Zeitung in Moscow . When Meyer returned to Switzerland in 1936 , Mengel and her son stayed there: Mengel did not receive a Swiss entry visa , but could not return to Nazi Germany either . As a German she was not allowed to leave the country.

On February 14, 1938, Mengel was arrested by the Interior Ministry of the USSR (NKVD), accused of espionage for fascist Germany and sentenced to death on July 29, 1938 without trial. Sick and under torture , she confessed to the allegations. On August 20, 1938, she and her new partner Alois Ketzlik were executed by shooting in Butowo .

son

Her son Johannes Mengel (born January 4, 1927 ; † 2003 ) migrated from children's home to children's home and grew up under the false name Iwan Iwanowitsch Mengel in a home for criminal youth in Ukraine from the age of ten . When he was still a minor, he joined the labor army and was deported to the Urals . At the age of 15 he was employed in the Chelyabinsk region as an underground miner and miner . Until 1956 he was excluded from schooling. Then he became a civil engineer . He only found out about his mother's violent death in 1993 and came to Germany as a repatriate in July 1994 . He reported on his tragic childhood experiences in a letter dated April 6, 1998, which has since been published. In 2003 Johannes Mengel died.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bettina Maria Brosowsky: Forgotten Bauhaus | NZZ . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . February 15, 2017, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed November 25, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Jana Revedin : Everyone here calls me Frau Bauhaus: The life of Ise Frank. A biographical novel . DUMONT Buchverlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-8321-8435-3 ( google.ch [accessed November 25, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Ursula Muscheler: The red Bauhaus. A story of hope and failure . Berenberg-Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946334-10-1 , pp. 118 .
  4. ^ A b Natalja Mussienko, Alexander Ju Watlin : School of Dreams: the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924–1938) . Julius Klinkhardt , Kempten 2005, ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 193 .
  5. ^ Hannes Meyer - Personal Lexicon BL. Retrieved November 25, 2018 .
  6. ^ Noemi Smolik: Image of the Soviet Union in Dessau: How the Bauhaus colored Malevich's experiences . ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed September 1, 2019]).
  7. ^ "Bücking, Peer" from the database of the Research Center for Biographies of Former Bauhaus Members (BeBA). URL: https://bauhaus.community/gnd/124472605 (accessed January 9, 2020)
  8. ^ A b c d e Natalja Mussienko, Alexander Ju Watlin : School of Dreams: the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924-1938) . Julius Klinkhardt , Kempten 2005, ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 472-475 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e Dr. Andreas Petersen : The Muscovites: How the Stalin trauma shaped the GDR . FISCHER E-Books, 2019, ISBN 978-3-10-491045-1 .
  10. ^ Thomas Huonker : Hannes Meyer's cooperative children's home Mümliswil (1939). A former orphanage pupil and Bauhaus director is building a children's home. (PDF) Retrieved November 25, 2018 .
  11. ↑ By Petra Krimphove, Dessau, swissinfo.ch: The rebel without glory . In: SWI swissinfo.ch . ( swissinfo.ch [accessed November 25, 2018]).
  12. ↑ Don Alphonso : Don Alphonso: Pressure on the Bauhaus - Stalin and Ulbricht like that . October 23, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed May 29, 2019]).
  13. ↑ Federal Foundation to Process the SED Dictatorship: Biographical Databases: MENGEL, MARGARETE. 2018, accessed November 25, 2018 .
  14. ↑ DÖW - Remembrance - Biographies - Austrian Stalin victims until 1945 - Stalin victims: K - Ketzlik, Alois. Retrieved November 25, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Natalja Mussienko, Alexander Ju Watlin : School of Dreams: the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924-1938) . Julius Klinkhardt , Kempten 2005, ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 193 .
  16. ↑ Gintersdorfer / Klaßen. Retrieved November 25, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Natalja Mussienko, Alexander Ju Watlin : School of Dreams: the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924-1938) . Julius Klinkhardt , Kempten 2005, ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 175 .
  18. ↑ a b c When Bauhaus architects moved to work in the early Soviet Union, they left a fascinating legacy - and paid a steep price. April 27, 2019, accessed on May 29, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Natalja Mussienko, Alexander Ju Watlin : School of Dreams: the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow (1924-1938) . Julius Klinkhardt , Kempten 2005, ISBN 978-3-7815-1368-6 , pp. 426 .
  20. ^ Sybille Fuchs: 100 Years of the Bauhaus: From Dessau to Moscow. Retrieved May 29, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Mengel, Margarete
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German clerk and former Bauhaus chief secretary
DATE OF BIRTH May 12, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH August 20, 1938
Place of death Butowo