Margherita Salicola

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Margherita Salicola or Salicoli (also: Margaritina Bolognese , Margherita di Sassonia ; first name also: Margarita , last name also: Selicola , Selicoli , Salicola Suini ; * around 1660 in Bologna ; † probably 1717 ) was a famous Italian opera singer ( soprano ) and probably a lover Johann Georgs III. of Saxony . Between 1685 and 1693 she was the first Italian opera singer to perform in Dresden .

biography

The beginnings

Margherita Salicola came from a family of actors and musicians. Her parents were Matteo Salicola and his wife Laura. Her sister Angiola Salicola was also a singer and often appeared on stage with her.

In 1677 Margherita was part of the ensemble of Giovanni Lenzei in Modena in his opera Germanico sul reno , where she sang the role of Claudia. Two years later she worked in Bologna at the Teatro Formagliari in operas by Giuseppe Felice Tosi and Franceschini, together with the soprano castrato Francesco de Castris, known as "Cecchino" .

It is recorded for the first time in Venice in 1682 , where she appeared together with her sister Angiola at the Teatro San Salvatore in Llimi's opera Lisimaco riamato da Alessandro . In May of the same year she sang at the Teatro Ducale in Mantua in Lenze's opera Ottaviano Cesare Augusto , again with her sister Angiola and “Cecchino”, as well as with the castrato Clementino de Hadersbergh and the tenor Giovanni Buzzoleni .

In Reggio Emilia in 1683, she received a higher fee than any other singer for her appearances in Pietro Andrea Ziani's Il talamo preservato dalla fedeltà d'Eudossa . Chassebras de Cramailles, who was listening to her at the time, described her as follows: “She has one of the most beautiful voices in Italy and currently lives in Bologna . She is blond, of medium height, has a very white complexion , is very brilliant, has a free and easy style, an elegant manner and is a good actress. "

The Saxon commitment 1685–1693

Margherita Salicola appeared in the Carnival of 1685 in the Venetian Theater San Giovanni Grisostomo as Penelope in the opera Penelope la casta by Carlo Pallavicino . She was now so famous that she received the "extraordinary sum" of 2,500 thalers (500 doubles) for it. The Saxon Elector Johann Georg III. heard her there in this opera and engaged her together with the composer Pallavicino and the castrato Domenico Cecchi, known as "il Cortona", to the Dresden court in order to revive Italian opera there. The Salicola was made court lady in Venice , and in addition to an annual salary of around 2,800 thalers and various other payments, the elector granted her parents and sister a lifelong pension.

The engagement of Margherita Salicola led to diplomatic entanglements, as she was under an unspecified patronage of Ferdinando Carlo von Gonzaga-Nevers , the Duke of Mantua . Therefore the negotiations with the Saxon elector were kept secret (among other things, her father had to give his consent) and the singer secretly and quickly left Venice, accompanied by her brother Francesco. The presumption that was often expressed then and in later literature that it was a case of a kidnapping is refuted by Walter on the basis of documentary material. The incident provoked a political conflict, as the Duke of Mantua officially reclaimed the singer and did not shy away from assassinating various people, arresting the singer's family and having the Salicola itself pursued by henchmen . An escalation could only be prevented through the mediation of the Bavarian Elector Maximilian II. Emanuel von Bayern .

In Dresden the Salicola appeared in several operas by Pallavicino - including La Gierusalemme liberata (1687) in particular - it celebrated great success and thus founded a new era.

Margherita Salicola also became the lover of the Saxon Elector and is said to have been the mother of Johann Georg Maximilian von Fürstenhoff (1686–1753), a legitimate half-brother of August II of Poland (August the Strong). Michael Walter thinks, however, that Salicola's motherhood by Fürstenhoff has not been proven due to unclear sources. In the meantime, she was allowed to travel to Munich in 1688 with Domenico Cecchi (called " il Cortona "), who was also engaged in Dresden , to take part in festivities to mark a victory over the Turks.

The late career

After the death of Elector Johann Georg III. Margherita Salicola initially stayed at the Dresden court and sang under his son Johann Georg IV. In 1693 she went to Vienna and returned to Italy around 1695, where she was also known as "Margherita di Sassonia" ("Margherita from Saxony") because of her Dresden interlude was. Around this time she married Marc 'Antonio Suini and now appeared in part under the name "Margherita Salicola Suini". She managed to re-establish herself as the prima donna on various stages in northern Italy. The role of Penelope remained something of her trademark, she sang it again in 1696 in the royal theater of Milan in a production with Maria Maddalena Musi and Siface (Giov. Francesco Grossi). Salicola was announced as " virtuosa di Sua maestà cesarea " (virtuoso of his Imperial Majesty), which indicates that she had been in the service of the very music-loving Emperor Leopold I during her time in Vienna .

In Reggio Emilia she sang in L 'Oreste in Sparta in 1697 by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo , who in the following year and in the same place again used her as Penelope in his opera L' Ulisse sconosciuto in Itaca . She sang alongside Matteuccio (Matteo Sassano) and Angela Ghering and was now in the service of the Prince of Modena .

In 1700 she interpreted the title role of Eraclea in Parma in a performance of Alessandro Scarlatti 's opera of the same name.

Between 1703 and 1705 the Salicola was in Venice, where she worked with Francesco Gasparini at the Teatro San Cassiano . He wrote leading roles for her in his operas Il miglior d'ogni amore per il peggiore d'ogni odio (1703), La fede tradita e vendicata (1704), La Fredegonda (January 1705) and Il principato custodito dalla frode (February 1705) . In all these operas she sang u. a. next to the famous alto Francesco Antonio Pistocchi .

Then she went to Florence and appeared again in the Carnival 1705–1706 in the Teatro del Cocomero as Penelope , in a version by Alessandro Scarlatti .

A probably last appearance of the Salicola is proven for 1708, when she sang the role of Coronide in Giacomo Antonio Pertis L 'Apollo geloso in the court theater in Modena .

The doctor Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) mentioned Margherita Salicola in his work De morbis artificum diatriba (Modena: Antonio Capponi, 1700). According to this, the singer had at times vocal problems in the form of hoarseness due to excessive use of her voice, and suffered from dizziness when she had to sing very long phrases.

literature

Specialist literature

  • Irene Alm: "A Singer's Magic: Margherita Salicola and the Transformation of Gierusalemme liberata (1687)", Society for Seventeenth-Century Music, Wellesley College , 1996
  • Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [14]
  • Hans-Joachim Böttcher : The Turkish Wars in the Mirror of Saxon Biographies , Gabriele Schäfer Verlag Herne 2019, ISBN 978-3-944487-63-2 . Pp. 105-107.
  • Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens: Salicola, Margherita , in: Großes Sängerlexikon , Vol. 4, p. 4105, online as a Google Book (accessed December 18, 2019)

Novels

Web links

Individual notes

  1. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [1] , p. 5 (Salicola Suini), p. 8 (Margaritina Bolognese), p. 13 (Selicola), p. 34 (Margherita di Sassonia)
  2. ↑ "Margherita Selicoli" appears in the libretto for L Grenzis and Corradis Germanico sul Reno , Reggio Emilia, Prospero Vedrotti, 1677, p. 9, online or Germanico sul reno (Giovanni Lenzei) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  3. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [2] , pp. 13 & 16
  4. ^ Germanicus on the Rhine
  5. ↑ In the libretto she is referred to as "Margherita Selicoli". Germanico sul reno (Giovanni Lesholdi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  6. ↑ Strictly speaking , the music for the opera Atide came from Giacomo Antonio Perti , Pietro degli Antonii and Tosi. Atide (Giuseppe Felice Tosi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  7. ^ Apollo in Tessaglia (Petronio Franceschini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  8. ↑ "Lisimacus, loved by Alexander"
  9. ↑ Lisimaco riamato da Alessandro (Giovanni Lenzei) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  10. ↑ a b c Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [3] , p. 5
  11. ↑ Ottaviano Cesare Augusto (Giovanni L Limiti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  12. ↑ "Eudossa's marriage bed preserved from fidelity"
  13. ↑ That was an important characteristic of a beautiful woman until the beginning of the 20th century.
  14. ↑ The last mentioned properties should be meant musically, i.e. refer to their singing.
  15. ↑ “ Elle passe pour une des plus belles voix d'Italie, et demeure actuellement à Bologne. Elle est blonde, de taille médiocre, a le teint fort blanc, beaucoup de brillant, une manière libre et aisée, l'air de qualité, et est bonne comédienne ”. See: " Margherita Salicola dite Margherita la bella ", article online at Quell'usignolo (French; accessed December 17, 2019)
  16. ↑ "Penelope the Chaste"
  17. ↑ a b Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [4] , p. 31
  18. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [5] , pp. 13–15, pp. 32–33
  19. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [6] , p. 16 and p. 22-23
  20. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [7] , pp. 10–20 and p. 22
  21. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [8] , pp. 17-19
  22. ↑ Rodolfo Celletti: History of Belcanto , Bärenreiter, Kassel, 1989, p. 65
  23. ^ Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens: Salicola, Margherita , in: Großes Sängerlexikon , Vol. 4, p. 4105, online as a Google Book
  24. ↑ According to Alm, the Salicola sang the role of Armida, which Pallavicino especially expanded and designed for her in a virtuoso manner. Irene Alm: "A Singer's Magic: Margherita Salicola and the Transformation of Gierusalemme liberata (1687)", Society for Seventeenth-Century Music, Wellesley College , 1996
  25. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [9] , p. 7 footnote 7
  26. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [10] , p. 33
  27. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [11] , p. 34
  28. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [12] , p. 5
  29. ^ Penelope la Casta (Anonimo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  30. ^ L'Oreste in Sparta (Carlo Francesco Pollarolo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  31. ^ L 'Ulisse sconosciuto in Itaca (Carlo Francesco Pollarolo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  32. ↑ Because it was announced as “ virtuosa del Serenissimo di Modena ”. L 'Ulisse sconosciuto in Itaca (Carlo Francesco Pollarolo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  33. ^ L'Eraclea (Alessandro Scarlatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  34. ↑ "The best of love for the worst of hate"
  35. ^ Il miglior d'ogni amore per il peggiore d'ogni odio (Francesco Gasparini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  36. ↑ "The swindled and avenged loyalty"
  37. ^ La fede tradita e vendicata (Francesco Gasparini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  38. ^ La Fredegonda (Francesco Gasparini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  39. ↑ "The rule saved from deception"
  40. ↑ Il principato custodito dalla frode (Francesco Gasparini) in Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  41. ^ Penelope (Alessandro Scarlatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  42. ^ Margherita Salicola (Giacomo Antonio Perti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  43. ↑ German as: Investigation of those diseases of artists and craftsmen , Leipzig: Weidmann, 1718
  44. ↑ Michael Walter: The Salicola case or the singer as symbolic capital [13] , p. 5 footnote 6
personal data
SURNAME Salicola, Margherita
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salicola, margarita; Salicoli, Margherita; Selicola, Margherita; Selicoli, Margherita; Salicola Suini, Margherita; Margaritina Bolognese; Margherita di Sassonia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian opera singer (soprano), lover of Johann Georg III. of Saxony
DATE OF BIRTH around 1660
PLACE OF BIRTH Bologna
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: 1717