Maria-Theresien-Strasse (Innsbruck)
| Maria-Theresien-Strasse | |
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| Maria-Theresien-Straße with Anna Column (view in north direction) | |
| Basic data | |
| place | innsbruck |
| district | Downtown |
| Created | 13th Century |
| Newly designed | 2009 |
| Hist. Names | Neustadt |
| Name received | 1873 |
| Connecting roads | Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse, Leopoldstrasse |
| Cross streets | Marktgraben, Burggraben, Anichstrasse, Meraner Strasse, Maximilianstrasse, Salurner Strasse |
| Buildings | Hospital church , town hall , old country house , Servite church |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , public transport (southern section) |
| Road design | Anna column |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 490 m |
The Maria Theresa Street, named after Empress Maria Theresa is a broad, slightly curved specimens and commercial street and a central road train Innsbruck , which dates back to the first expansion of the city in the 13th century. It is one of the busiest streets in the city.
course
With a length of around 490 m, the road is slightly curved in a north-south direction. The northern end forms the intersection with the Burggraben and Marktgraben, beyond which Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse leads into the old town. The southern end of the street and the border to Wilten are formed by the Triumphpforte at the intersection with Maximilianstraße and Salurner Straße. The continuation to the south is Leopoldstrasse. Anichstrasse branches off to the west and Meraner Strasse to the east as cross streets. There are passages in the east to Sparkassenplatz and Landhausplatz and in the west through the town hall galleries to Adolf-Pichler-Platz .
history
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The original city of Innsbruck, founded in 1180, soon grew beyond its border formed by city walls and moats (today's old town). A suburb developed along the main road south to Wilten and on to the Brenner . This settlement, known as nova civitas ("Neustadt"), originally belonged to the Hofmarkgericht of Wilten Abbey. On June 5, 1281, Count Meinhard II signed a contract with Wilten Abbey, in which, in return for exemption from the wine tariff, jurisdiction over the Neustadt came from Wilten Abbey to the city of Innsbruck. At that time, however, the area did not extend to today's Triumphpforte, which later formed the border between Innsbruck and Wilten, but to about the height of today's old country house . There, at the end of the “inner new town”, stood the Obere Tor or Georgentor, which was first mentioned in 1350 and demolished in 1570. The part to the south of it (the "outer Neustadt") is only assigned to the city of Innsbruck from around 1440.
In 1315, with the support of Duke Heinrich of Carinthia and Tyrol, the municipal Heilig-Geist-Spital was founded at the beginning of Neustadt, which, as was customary at the time, was located outside the city walls and which is still reminiscent of the hospital church today .
In the first few centuries, the loosely built-up Neustadt was mainly home to handicrafts and businesses, especially those that were involved in haulage, such as wagons , blacksmiths , saddlers and carpenters . The houses were usually made of wood, after a major fire in 1620 they were only allowed to be built from stone by order of the government. As a result, a closed building developed and with the settlement of high officials and noble families, the magnificent buildings in the Baroque and Rococo style that dominate the streets today were built , such as the Taxispalais from 1679–1690 or the Palais Lodron from 1744–1749. Many of the buildings were designed by representatives of the Gumpp master builder family .
In 1706 the Anna column was erected in the middle of the street as thanks for the withdrawal of the Bavarian troops after the Bavarian hype . The Anna column was surrounded by fountains on both sides, the Josefsbrunnen in the north from 1709 to 1870 and the Joachimsbrunnen in the south from 1706 to 1732 (today in the Waltherpark in St. Nikolaus). On the occasion of the wedding of Archduke Leopold to the Spanish Princess Maria Ludovica of Spain in Innsbruck in 1765, the Triumphal Gate was built at the southern end of the Neustadt and the moat was filled in. In 1897 the town hall was moved here from the old town.
On December 22nd, 1873, the citizens' committee (local council) decided to rename the Neustadt to Maria-Theresien-Straße “in memory of its old name Theresian Neustadt and with regard to the triumphal gate that closed it”. From 1891 the steam-powered local railway Innsbruck – Hall in Tyrol ran through Maria-Theresien-Straße, and from 1905 electric tram lines in the city center .
In 1978 the city of Innsbruck and the state of Tyrol designated Maria-Theresien-Straße as a conservation zone in which any demolition of a building is prohibited. However, this was revoked in 2003 when the city center and site protection law was amended. When three buildings threatened to be demolished for the new construction of Kaufhaus Tyrol, the Federal Monuments Office placed the street under ensemble protection in 2006 . The city of Innsbruck appealed against it and after fierce controversy, especially about the architecture of the planned new building, Minister of Culture Claudia Schmied lifted the ensemble protection. As a result, three buildings were demolished and replaced by a new building in 2010.
From 2006 to 2009 the area north of Anichstrasse was converted into a pedestrian zone. The street was designed like a square with different paving. Since then, the tram has run through Anichstrasse and Burggraben. The southern section, which is still available to public transport, was also redesigned by 2011.
Significant buildings
- Hospital church : built from 1700 according to plans by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder instead of a previous Gothic building.
- Palais Lodron (No. 7): built for Joseph Nikolaus Graf Lodron 1744–1749 in rococo style.
- Gasthaus Alt Insprugg (No. 16): house dating from the 15th century, rebuilt in the Baroque period and in 1906. On the Gothic facade there are wood-carved copies of the statues of Arthur and Theodoric from the Innsbruck court church .
- New Town Hall (No. 18): originally three medieval town houses, which were built by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder at the beginning of the 18th century. Ä. were converted into Palais Künigl. 1848–49 conversion to the Hotel d'Autriche, since 1897 town hall.
- Palais Trapp (No. 38): The Wolkenburg residence built in the 17th century, from 1700 by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder. Ä. converted into a baroque palace, owned by Count Trapp since 1804 .
- Palais Troyer-Spaur (No. 39): Around 1680 by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder. Ä. built for Franz Anton Graf Troyer in baroque style.
- Altes Landhaus (No. 43): built 1725–1728 by Georg Anton Gumpp as a baroque monumental building.
- Palais Fugger-Taxis (No. 45): Around 1680 probably based on plans by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder. Ä. Erected for Count Hans Otto Fugger as a baroque palace complex based on the Italian model, from 1784 under Count Thurn and Taxis post office, acquired in 1905 by the State of Tyrol.
- Servite Church and Monastery: Donated in 1614, rebuilt after a fire and consecrated in 1626, redesigned in Baroque style in the 18th century by Georg Anton Gumpp.
- Peterlongohaus (formerly Palais Sarnthein, No. 57): 1686 by Johann Martin Gumpp the Elder. Ä. For Count David Sarnthein, older town houses were converted into a palace, and in 1869 an additional storey was added and enlarged.
use
As Innsbruck's main street, Maria-Theresien-Straße was often used for marches and rallies, such as in the Tyrolean struggle for freedom in 1809, when German troops marched in after the annexation of Austria in 1938 or 1945, when Innsbruck was the only major city of the Third Reich that local opponents of the regime handed over to the Allied troops without a fight has been.
Since the end of the 19th century, Maria-Theresien-Straße has been an important traffic axis for public transport, which was traversed by all inner-city tram lines and many bus routes. Today trams and buses only run through the traffic-calmed section south of Anichstrasse, the northern section was redesigned from 2006 to 2009 as a pedestrian zone.
Along the street are important facilities such as the town hall and the country house as well as numerous shops and shopping centers ( Kaufhaus Tyrol , town hall galleries). With a pedestrian frequency of more than 30,000 people a day, it is one of the six most attractive shopping streets in Austria. It is also used for events such as a Christmas market or the fan mile for the 2008 European Football Championship .
Views
Triumphal Gate
View from the Triumphal Gate to the north
Maria-Theresien-Strasse at the corner of Anichstrasse
Anna column, hospital church (left), city tower (right)
Maria-Theresien-Straße with Christmas lights
- Historical views
Suburb, around 1575
around 1850
around 1900
German troops march in 1938
Tram line 1, 1969
Temporarily installed well in front of the Anna column (2005)
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In games
Maria-Theresien-Straße is the first of the three Innsbruck properties on the schedule of the game DKT - The Commercial Talent .
literature
- Franz-Heinz Hye : 700 years of Innsbruck Neustadt. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 5/1981, p. 16 ( digitized version )
- Josefine Justic: When Maria-Theresien-Straße was still called Neustadt. In: Innsbruck informs, October 2002, p. 22 ( digitized version )
Web links
- Entry on Maria Theresienstraße Innsbruck in the Austria Forum (in the Heimatlexikon)
- Maria-Theresien-Strasse in the literature-land map Tyrol / South Tyrol
Individual evidence
- ↑ measured in the city map of Innsbruck
- ^ Natalie Lorenz: The Innsbruck City Hospital in the Middle Ages. In: Innsbruck informs 2/2013, pp. 56–57 ( digitized version )
- ^ Otto Stolz : About the construction of the Innsbruck town houses in the Middle Ages. In: Publications of the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, 20–25 (1940/45), pp. 17–26 ( PDF; 4.3 MB )
- ↑ a b Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government, Culture Department (Ed.): Kulturberichte aus Tirol 2007. 60th Monument Report. Innsbruck 2007 ( PDF; 10.7 MB )
- ↑ Josefine Justic: Innsbruckerstraße name. Where do they come from and what they mean . Tyrolia-Verlag, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7022-3213-9 , p. 30-31 .
- ↑ Hans Haider: David Chipperfield makes it possible. Wiener Zeitung from August 20, 2009
- ↑ Maria-Theresien-Straße: reorganization and design on nextroom.at
- ↑ Alt Insprugg Inn. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved November 22, 2014 .
- ^ Herbert Woditschka: The town hall since 1897. In: Innsbrucker Stadtnachrichten, No. 4, 1982, p. 16 ( digitized version )
- ^ Palais Trapp, Palais Wolkenstein. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved November 22, 2014 .
- ↑ Altes Landhaus, Palais Fugger-Taxis, Taxispalais. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved November 22, 2014 .
- ^ Residential and commercial building, former Palais Sarnthein, Peterlongohaus. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved November 22, 2014 .
- ↑ Maria-Theresien-Straße among the top six , tirol.orf.at of April 11, 2012
- ↑ DKT - The Commercial Talent . 1st edition. Stomo games.
Coordinates: 47 ° 15 '54.7 " N , 11 ° 23' 40.1" E