Marienkirche (Białogard)

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The Marienkirche ( Polish kościół pod wezwaniem Najświętszej Marii Panny ) in Białogard ( Belgard ) is a brick building in Gothic style and dates from the early 14th century. It is the oldest of the former three churches in the district town in Pomerania .

Building description

St. Mary's Church in Białogard

The Marienkirche is a three-aisled pillar basilica with a single-nave, three-sided closed choir and a chapel on each of the long sides. The roof of the central nave was originally kept higher before a fire in 1677.

The west tower rests on a field stone base and rises above the main entrance with a vestibule at a height of 60 meters. Its massive structure merges into an octagonal arrangement with a balustrade and arched openings above the roof. The conclusion is a Welsh tower dome .

Originally, the tower rose more slender. After fires in 1561 and 1677, it was made lower.

The high altar inside is ten meters high and five meters wide. It comes from the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque . The brass chandeliers date from 1605, 1668 and 1851.

In its history, the Marienkirche has undergone several repairs, such as in the years 1838 to 1840 and 1879 to 1880. A very extensive renovation took place in 1912/13, when the central nave was given the original star vault . New stained glass windows with biblical motifs were donated for the choir, tower and sacristy. The Grüneberg organ was also installed in 1912.

In 1922 a bronze bell from the Marienkirche from 1677 was brought to Rarfin in the local parish church. From there it had to be delivered to be melted down for ammunition purposes during World War II. But like a miracle she was spared her ultimate fate: in 1953 she was found and given on loan to the Protestant parish of Leichlingen , where she serves as a cemetery bell .

When the city was occupied on March 5, 1945 by Red Army troops , the church remained undamaged.

The writer and art historian Franz Theodor Kugler (1808-1858) described the Marienkirche in Belgard as the “noblest East Pomeranian church”, which he referred to both in terms of its exterior and interior design. Diversity and complexity were not what counted, but the almost brittle simplicity, which is perceived as honesty and power.

history

When Bishop Otto von Bamberg (1060–1139), the “Apostle of Pomerania”, visited Belgard on a mission trip in the spring of 1125, his sermon is said to have prompted the Belgardians to build a church that was named “All Saints Church”. In fact, it was probably just a wooden altar with a protective roof over it.

It is not known whether this rather provisional facility became a place of worship over time, which later perhaps had to give way to the stone structure of the Marienkirche. In any case, a clergyman (plebanus) Witzlaw is named for the years 1275 to 1285.

In 1315 Belgard became a residential town again when the Pomeranian Duke Wartislaw IV (approx. 1290-1326) settled here. At this time the construction of the Marienkirche began.

The introduction of the Reformation in Pomerania was "sluggish". Although the Landtag in Treptow an der Rega had passed the “Pomeranian Church Regulations ” by Johannes Bugenhagen (1485–1558), the “Doctor Pommer”, in 1535 , their introduction could only be implemented after the death of the - initially approving, then they again rejecting - Bishop Erasmus von Manteuffel-Arnhausen (1480-1544) in 1545. However, in Belgard the church service and the school system have already been redesigned or newly established due to these church regulations. A church visitation took place in Belgard as early as 1540 , and in 1545 Johann Kistemacher is also mentioned as a Reformation clergyman. The patronage of the church was held - as before - by the sovereign.

In Belgard, two parish offices were initially set up to supply the preaching positions at the Marien- or parish church, at the Georgenkirche and at the later collapsed Jakobikirche. A third position was not added until 1784. The "prepositus" ( provost ) was also the pastor primarius of the Marienkirche. The deacon was sent to work at first as a teacher at the town school. Later, when then the construction of the Petri Church replaced the Jakobikirche that pastors were equivalent even if after the first location with that of the superintendent of the church circuit was connected Belgard.

The parish of Belgard with the three town churches included twelve rural communities: Ackerhof (Przemiłowo), Alt Lülfitz (Lulewice), Buchhorst (Żelimucha), Denzin (Dębczyno), Groß Panknin (Pękanino), Kamissow (partly) (Kamosowo), Klein Panknin (Pękanino), Kösternitz (Kościernica), Neu Lülfitz (Lulewiczki), Roggow (Rogowo), Rostin (Rościno) and Vorwerk (Kisielice).

On October 17, 1945, after 400 years of Protestant worship in German, the Marienkirche in Belgard was expropriated in favor of the Polish Catholic Church . The exterior of the church has changed little since then. Inside, the German inscriptions have been removed from the galleries. Many a new Catholic or Polish cult object has also been added. The church is now in the Roman Catholic diocese of Köslin-Kolberg in the Archdiocese of Stettin-Cammin .

The pastor of the Protestant parish Koszalin ( Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland ) of the Polish Evangelical-Augsburg Church is responsible for looking after the evangelical believers . The Catholic parish of Białogard provides the Georgenkirche (Kościół pw. Św. Jerzego) for the Protestant services that are held there regularly, also in German. The Petrikirche was demolished in 1960 because of dilapidation.

Pastor at the Marienkirche

Pre-Reformation

  1. Witzlaw (Plebanus), 1275-1285
  2. Tetzlaw (Plebanus), 1307
  3. Bertold de Osten, 1326-1333
  4. Eghardus, 1370
  5. Ubrich Zabow, 1387-1390
  6. Nicolaus Brugehanen, 1422
  7. Sander Gutzlow, 1468
  8. Nicolaus Redemer, 1484
  9. Nicolaus Flemming, 1491 († 1531)

Reformatory until 1945

Actually, Markus Manteuffel should be appointed as the first Reformation clergyman. However, he refused because the "low salary is not sufficient to maintain it".

I.

  1. Johann Kistemacher, 1545
  2. Joachim Völtzke, 1555
  3. Anton Fuchs (Voss), 1556–1605
  4. Jakob Meyer, 1606-1608
  5. M. Adam Willich, 1609-1630
  6. Peter Moratz, 1631-1640
  7. M. Friedrich Meyer, 1642-1686
  8. M. Jakob Beilfuß, 1686–1695
  9. Martin Friedrich Wendt, 1695-1700
  10. D. Christoph Barfknecht, 1700–1739
  11. Christoph Friedrich Barfknecht (son of 10.), 1740–1755
  12. Christoph Friedrich Thyme, 1755–1784
  13. Carl Friedrich Müller, 1784–1793
  14. Georg Ludwig Diestel, 1794–1829
  15. Erdmann Friedrich Wegener, 1830–1840
  16. Adolph Heinrich Eduard Lehmann, 1841–1870
  17. Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wegener, 1870–1882
  18. Theodor Karl Michael Gehrke, 1882–1888
  19. Martin Gensichen , 1888–1895
  20. Otto Emil Klar, 1895–1923
  21. Johannes Zitzke, 1924–1947

II.

  1. Johann Bogotzke, † 1556
  2. Jakob Meyer, 1556-1606
  3. Daniel Vacke, 1608–?
  4. Peter Moratz
  5. Jakob Pagenkopf, 1631–1663
  6. M. Jakob Beilfuß, 1664–1686
  7. Martin Friedrich Wendt, 1687–1695
  8. Christian Tornow, 1698-1740
  9. Michael Lange, 1741–1778
  10. Carl Friedrich Müller, 1778–1793
  11. Johann Heinrich Hartung, 1794–1800
  12. Christian Wilhelm Messerschmidt, 1801–1804
  13. Johann Christian Hill, 1806-1841
  14. Ernst Wilhelm August Müller, 1843–1849
  15. Berthold Hermann Hasenjäger, 1849–1856
  16. Traugott Wilhelm Ludwig Hanisch, 1856–1895
  17. Friedrich Wilhelm Backe, 1886–1901
  18. Gustav Friedrich Karl Büttner, 1901–1932
  19. Gustav Wendt, 1932–1939
  20. Dr. Hans Wenschkewitz , 1940–1945

III.

  1. Johann Heinrich Hartung, 1784–1793
  2. Christian Wilhelm Messerschmidt, 1794–1800
  3. Ludwig Wilhelm Klein, 1801-1830
  4. Karl August Hahn, 1831–1833
  5. Gustav Georg Leonhard Köhnk, 1834–1846
  6. Karl Ludwig Hendrik, 1846-1852
  7. Theodor Wilhelm Barz, 1852-1856
  8. Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Backe, 1856–1886
  9. Wilhelm Friedrich Plathe, 1886–1887
  10. Gustav Friedrich Karl Büttner, 1888–1901
  11. Johannes Beckmann, 1901–1912
  12. August Gutzke, 1913
  13. Adolf Bartholomäus, 1914–1937
  14. Gerhard Schlecht, 1938–1945

Web links

Commons : Marienkirche (Białogard)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Hermann Claus: From the history of Belgium. 1929, In: The Belgard district. From the story of a Pomeranian home district. Belgard-Schivelbein home district committee in connection with the city of Celle (ed.), Celle 1989, pp. 75-83.
  • Fritz Nohse: The urban development Belgard. 1933 In: Der Kreis Belgard (as above), pp. 98-107.
  • Hans Glaeser-Swantow: The Evangelical Pomerania. Part 2: Authorities, churches, pastors, clergy, institutions and associations , Stettin 1940.
  • Hans Moderow , Ernst Müller: The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , 4 parts, Greifswald 1956–1972.
  • Norbert Buske (Ed.): The Pomeranian Church Order by Johannes Bugenhagen 1535. Text with translation, explanations and introduction. (on behalf of the Evangelical Church in Greifswald ), Berlin 1985.
  • Karl-Eberhard Albinus: The Protestant parishes, their pastors and churches. 1988, In: Der Kreis Belgard (as above), pp. 775-795.
  • Johannes Hinz : Pommern.Lexikon , Würzburg 2001.
  • Norbert Buske: Pomeranian Church History in Data , Schwerin 2001/2003.

Coordinates: 54 ° 0 '17.3 "  N , 15 ° 59' 29.3"  E