Markijan Shashkevych

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Portrait of the writer Markijan Schaschkewytsch
The grave of Markijan Schaschkewytsch in the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv

Markiyan Semenowytsch Schaschkewytsch ( Ukrainian Маркіян Семенович Шашкевич scientific. Transliteration Markiyan Semenovyč Šaškevyč * 6. November 1811 in Pidlyssja , Kronland Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , Austria , † 7. June 1843 in Nowosilky , Galicia) was a Ukrainian writer , poet and priest of ukrainian greek catholic church .

biography

Markijan Schaschkewytsch was born into the family of a Greek Catholic priest. He attended the Lviv grammar school , then studied theology at the Greek Catholic theological seminary and was a guest student at the Lviv University . In 1838, after completing his degree, he was ordained a priest . In the same year he began to work as a priest in the Lviv region in the villages of Humnyska , Nestanytschi and Novosilky .

He campaigned for the equality of the Ukrainian language with the Polish , was a representative of the reconstruction and thus the rebirth of the western Ukrainian country and together with Jakiw Holowazkyj and Iwan Wahylewytsch , whom he had met during his studies, founded the poets' group "Ruska trijzja" in 1832 .

Schaschkewytsch “[…] was [publisher] of the galiz [isch] -ukrain [isch] almanac in Ukrainian vernacular, Russalka Dnistrowa . Ruthenian folk songs in which the Galician "peasant language" was introduced into the whole of Ukrainian literary language "and which played an important role in the national revival and the new Ukrainian literature in Galicia. In October 1836 he gave a sermon in Ukrainian instead of Polish for the first time. This initiative was supported by other patriotic priests.

Markijan Schaschkewytsch died in poverty at the age of 32 of tuberculosis and was buried in Novosilky. In 1893 his bones were transferred to the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv .

family

Schaschkewytsch was married to Julia Kruschynska. The son Volodymyr (1839-1885) emerged from the marriage. He too became a writer.

Create

Markiyan shashkevych wrote lyric poems ( Do myloji , Tuha sa mynulym , Dumka ), historical poems ( O Nalywajku , Chmelnyzkoho obstuplenije Lwowa , Boleslaw Krywoustyj ), patriotic character ( Pobratym , Ruska mowa , lycha dolja , Slovo do tschtytelej ruskoho jasyka , ruky Dajte ) and prose , like the novella Olena . His first works Syn Rusy (1833) and Zorja (1834) were not published because of the censorship. Holos halyschan (1835) was the first poem to be published. In 1836 Azbuka i Abecadlo was published to prevent the introduction of the Latin alphabet into Ukrainian. In 1837 the Russalka Dnistrovaya almanac was published .

Schaschkewytsch translated a part of the Igor song , the Gospels according to Matthew and John . He also translated works from Serbian, Czech, Polish, Greek, Latin and German into the Ukrainian language.

In 1837 he attempted to compile a phonetic orthography for Ukrainian.

Some works were only published after Shashkevich's death, such as the work for children Čytanka ( 1850 ) that was edited by Jakiw Holowazkyj. The works Twory (Kiev, 1960) and Narodni pisni v zapysach Markijana Šaškeviča (Kiev, 1973) should also be mentioned.

Some of his poems have been a. set to music by Mychajlo Werbyzkyj .

Honors

The poetic works and his commitment to Ukraine were only appreciated after his death, fame and honor grew posthumously. In June 1906 a memorial was erected on his grave, which was made by the Munich sculptor Rudolf Thiele . A museum dedicated to him was opened in 1959 in his birthplace, Pidlyssja, on the "Pidlyssja hora" mountain with a cross in honor of Shashkevich.

Shakshevytsch has also become known outside of Ukraine, especially in the Canadian city of Winnipeg . In 1944 a bronze monument was erected there and in 1961 the Markijan Šaškevič Institute was founded. In 1981, on his 170th birthday, the park was named after him, as was the pedagogical college of the city of Brody ( Lviv Oblast ) in 2003. A few years ago the state financed the two villages of Humnyska and Nestanytschi new schools, which are now also called Markijan Shashkevich wear, like the school in the Polish city of Premissel . Pupils and teachers of the Shashkevich schools meet annually at the Pidlyssja hora and organize various competitions for young artists, individual demonstrations of amateur art and reading lessons.

Works

  • Do myloji ( До милої )
  • Tuha sa mynulym ( Туга за минулим )
  • Dumka ( Думка )
  • O Nalywajku ( О Наливайку )
  • Khmelnyzkoho obstuplennja Lwowa ( Хмельницького обступлення Львова )
  • Boleslav Krywoustyj ( Болеслав Кривоустий )
  • Pobratym ( Побратим )
  • Ruska mowa ( Руська мова )
  • Lycha dolja ( Лиха доля )
  • Slowo do tschtytelej ruskoho jasyka ( Слово до чтителей руського язика )
  • Dajte ruky ( Дайте руки )
  • Olena ( Олена )
  • Holos halychan ( Голос галичан ) (1835)
  • Azbuka i Abecadlo ( Азбука і Abecadlo ) (1836)
  • Russalka Dnistrovaja ( Русалка Дністровая ) (1837)
  • Tuha ( Туга )
  • Wirna ( Вірна )
  • Syn ljubymomu otzju ( Син любимому отцю )
  • Pohonja ( Погоня )
  • Shadka ( Згадка )
  • Lys i wowk ( Лис і вовк )
  • Bahatyj skupez ( Багатий скупець )
  • Schaworonok i jeho dity ( Жаворонок і єго діти )
  • Lev i medwid ( Лев і медвідь )
  • Shchuka i malenka rybka ( Щука і маленька рибка )

literature

  • Пiльгука, Iван I .: Писатели западной Украины.30-50х гг. XIX ст., Дніпро, Київ 1965, 37- 129 c.
  • Жулинський Микола: Українська лiтература. Творцi i твори. Учням, абiтурiєнтам, студентам, учителям, Либiдь, Київ 2011, 71-84 c.

Web links

Commons : Markijan Semenowytsch Schaschkewytsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Entry on Shashkevych, Markiian in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on May 30, 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d Entry on Markijan Schaschkewytsch in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ; accessed on May 30, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ a b Entry on Markijan Schaschkewytsch in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on 2019 (ukrainian)
  4. ^ Biography Markijan Schaschkewitsch , May 15, 2013
  5. ↑ Article on Volodymyr Schaschkewytsch on zbruc.eu ; accessed on May 30, 2019 (Ukrainian)
  6. ^ Biography Markijan Schaschkewitsch , May 15, 2013
  7. ↑ Article on Verbytsky, Mykhailo in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on May 20, 2016 (English)
personal data
SURNAME Shashkevych, Markijan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schaschkewytsch, Markijan Semenowytsch (full name); Шашкевич, Маркiян Семенович (Ukrainian); Šaškevyč; Markijan Semenovyč (transliteration)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian writer; Poet; Priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Pidlyssja , Crown Land , Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , Austria
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1843
Place of death Novosilky , Galicia