Martin Drucker

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Martin Drucker (born October 6, 1869 in Leipzig ; † February 22, 1947 there ) was a German lawyer and criminal defense attorney .

Life

Drucker was born in Leipzig in 1869 as the son of a doctor of law. He comes from a Sephardic family. He passed his Abitur in 1889 at the Thomas School in Leipzig . He then studied law at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and the University of Leipzig . There he received his doctorate in 1896 for Dr. jur. and worked as a lawyer , also admitted as a notary in Leipzig in 1919 . In 1898 he joined his father's business law firm . His clients included Bruno Apitz and Rosa Luxemburg . In 1906 he became a board member of the Leipzig Bar Association and in 1909 of the German Bar Association (DAV). Since 1924 he was its president. In 1917 he was appointed to the judiciary . When he resigned from the management of the association in 1932 because of disapproval of the DAV's move from Leipzig to Berlin and the admission restrictions that were variously requested during the global economic crisis, he was appointed honorary president of the DAV under his successor Rudolf Dix .

Among the many defense cases during the Weimar period , his work in the Caro-Petschek trial stood out. This was one of the most complex criminal trials of the 1930s, for which Drucker is said to have received 400,000 Reichsmarks as a fee from his client (Petschek) , exactly as much as the disputed dowry that led to this trial.

Soon after the National Socialists "seized power " in 1933, Martin Drucker lost the notary's office; Since one of his parents came from a Jewish family, Drucker fell under the so-called Aryan paragraph . On January 26, 1935, the court of honor of the Saxon Bar Association excluded him from the legal profession as a "blot on the German legal profession"; however, the Court of Honor in Leipzig overturned this decision. Until 1944, Martin Drucker continued his legal practice despite increasing reprisals, until he was forced into retirement based on the “Ordinance to amend and supplement the Reich Lawyers' Act of March 1, 1943 ( RGBl. I 1943, p. 123). His practice and living quarters were bombed out. At the end of 1944, Martin Drucker fled to Jena for fear of the Gestapo so as not to be drafted into forced labor as a so-called first-degree Jewish half-breed (in the categories of the Nuremberg Laws ) , and survived the end of the war there.

After the collapse of the Nazi state, Martin Drucker returned to Leipzig. Although he was now well over seventy, his two sons had died and his practice and all of his property had been destroyed in the air raids, Martin Drucker reopened a law firm in 1945. He chaired the district committee for denazification of lawyers and was a co-founder of the LDPD . He tried to re-establish the German Lawyers' Association in Saxony as part of an independent legal profession. In any case, after 1948, Drucker did not experience that this goal was unattainable under the conditions of a socialist state and its increasing ideologization.

family

His grandfather was the silk merchant Siegmund Drucker, co-founder and for many years chairman of the Leipzig Jewish religious community. His father, the Justice Council Dr. Martin Drucker (1834–1913) converted to Christianity when he married Marie Klein (1841–1921), daughter of the Leipzig city councilor. In 1898 the printer married Margarethe Mannsfeld (1873–1939). His sister Betty married her brother Karl Emil Mannsfeld , who was Saxon Minister of Justice from 1929 to 1933. His brother was the chemist Carl Drucker .

Martin and Margarete Drucker's marriage had four children:

  • Martina (1903-1992)
  • Heinrich (1905–1945)
  • Peter (1914-1942)
  • Renate (1917-2009).

Services

Martin Drucker's main earnings are more than his legal contributions or his literary works in his many years of professional political activity, whereby he always saw himself as a democrat.

His importance for the administration of justice in the Weimar Republic is made clear in the festschrift that was presented to him in 1934 as a private print on his 65th birthday; Among the authors were almost all well-known lawyers and legal scholars who had been ousted from public life as “non-Aryans” after 1933 - for example Julius Magnus , Max Hachenburg , Adolf Heilberg, Max Friedlaender , Ernst Wolff , Erich Eyck and Max Alsberg .

Fonts

  • The construction of the claim in Justinian law in its meaning for today's common law . Dissertation, University of Leipzig, 1896.
  • The schedule of fees for lawyers of July 7, 1879 in the version published on May 10, 1898. To d. Hand d. Court erl . Rossberg'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1904. (= Legal Reference Library , Volume 213)
  • European trademark law . Edited by the Society for World Trademark Law. Part 3, Berlin / Leipzig 1912/13.
  • On the way to the bar . In: Fixed number of the magazine of the Bar Association in the Higher Regional Court District of Wroclaw to celebrate the 70th birthday of the Secret Justice Council Dr. Heilberg . Breslau 1918, pp. 5-10. (= Journal of the Bar Association in the Higher Regional Court District Breslau 40 (1928) 1)
  • The way of the legal profession . In: Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung (1931), pp. 256–260.
  • The latest and very latest criminal case . In: Juristische Wochenschrift (1931), pp. 258–260.
  • Criminal matters. Substantive law, procedure . In: Juristische Wochenschrift (1932), pp. 3720–3722.
  • Martin Drucker (1869-1947). Life memories . Edited by Hubert Lang. Verlag des Biographiezentrum, Fruchstal 2007, ISBN 978-3-940210-16-6 .

literature

  • Martin Dittenberger: Obituary for Martin Drucker . Süddeutsche Juristen-Zeitung 3 (1948), p. 421.
  • Gerhard Jungfer : Martin Drucker as defense lawyer . In: Anwaltsblatt (2003), p. 209.
  • Tillmann Krach: Jewish lawyers in Prussia. About the importance of the free lawyer and its destruction by National Socialism . CH Beck, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-35078-X . (= also dissertation, University of Mainz, 1990)
  • Hubert Lang: Martin Drucker. The ideal of a lawyer . Published by the Ephraim Carlebach Foundation, Leipzig 1997.
  • Hubert Lang: Between all stools. Jurists of Jewish origin in Leipzig (1848-1953) . Leipzig 2014, pp. 123–132.
  • Julius Magnus (Ed.): Festschrift Martin Drucker. Presented on the occasion of his 65th birthday, October 6, 1934, in friendship and respect from colleagues . Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1983. ISBN 3-511-09168-3 . (Facsimile print of the private print from 1934 with a preface by Fred Grubel)
  • Manfred Unger : Counselor Martin Drucker. On the history of the legal profession . In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 36 (1990) 2, pp. 85-90.
  • Martin Unger: Leipzig lawyer in the first half of the 20th century and president of the German Bar Association Martin Drucker . In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 42 (1996) 3, pp. 173-184.
  • Manfred Unger: Martin Drucker. Lawyer . In: Anwaltsblatt (1990), p. 3.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Jungfer: criminal defense. Approaching a profession. LIT Verlag Münster, 2016, p. 55.
  2. ^ Georg Prick: Max Alsberg (1877–1933) - and no end. The life and work of an extremely successful exceptional lawyer. In: Deutscher Anwaltsverein (Ed.), Anwaltsblatt , Volume 66, 12/2016, p. 883.
  3. ↑ Rudolf Mothes: Memoirs of a Leipzig lawyer, Part C, pp. 20f., Archive of the City of Leipzig, quoted. according to the website of Klaus Schmiedel, PDF , accessed on December 16, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Drucker, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and defense attorney
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 1947
Place of death Leipzig