Mathematical instrument
A mathematical instrument (or mathematical device) is a material aid that is used in mathematics to get results, but is not an everyday object.
So are z. For example, the classic writing utensils such as slate or paper , pencil and eraser or blackboard , chalk and sponge and also the typewriter are essential tools to obtain and record mathematical results, but not mathematical instruments.
They are usually classified according to their purpose:
Math papers
- Graph paper
- Polar coordinate paper
- Triangle mesh paper
- Probability paper
- Logarithmic paper ( double logarithmic paper and single logarithmic paper )
Drawing instruments
- ruler
- Curve ruler or curve template
- Circle
- Zero circle for small circles
- Pole compass for large circles
- pantograph
Measuring instruments
- Dividers
- Reduction circles or proportional circles (Galilean type and civil type)
- Goniometer
- Protractor
- measuring stick
Simple calculation tools and devices
- Kerbholz
- Abacus and Soroban (Japanese Abacus)
- Calculation box
- Arithmetic penny
- Computing rope
- Rulers , especially Napier rulers
- Adding pen
- Number slider (also pen adders)
- Slide rule and disk rule
- Tables such as logarithm tables and integral tables
- Nomogram
Differentiators
- Mirror ruler
- Derivimeter according to Ott
- Prism divider to Harbor
Integrators
- Curvimeter (measuring wheel)
- Curvimeter according to Coradi
- Curvimeter according to Ott
- Polar planimeter
- Linear planimeter
- Integraph and Integrimeter
- harmonic analyzer
Analog computing devices
Measuring instrument
- Adding machines, e.g. B. Brunsviga
- Multiplication machines
- Four species machine