Matronae amfratninae
The Amfratninae or the subsidiary form Amratninae are matrons that have come down from several newly found dedicatory inscriptions from Eschweiler-Fronhoven and date from the 2nd to 3rd centuries.
Discovery and Inscriptions
In advance of the development of the lignite building area "Future West" 1980 in Eschweiler district (now abgebaggerten) Fronhoven by first prospecting in the hallway "Domerberg" a roman temporal sanctuary apse excavated in which many by finds votive for the already known Matronae Alaferhviae twelve votes for the previously unknown Amfratnihenae was excavated. In the inscriptions, the minor form Amratninae appears in four inscriptions or fragments.
"[Amf] ratnihen [is] / [---] aniae Titaca [et] / [---] is M [------"
"Matron (is) / Amratnine (is) / Optius Qua [r] / [tio? ------ "
"Amfratnichenis / C (aius) Iul (ius) Tertius / ex [im (perio) ip (sarum)] p (osuit) l (ibens) m (erito)"
"Matronis / Amfratnineis / T (itus) Iulius Secun / dus v (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito)"
"Amfratninis / L (ucius) Nigrinius / Comes l (ibens) m (erito)"
"Matronis / Amfratninechi [s] / C (aius) Ferenniu [s] / Opt [a] tus p [ro] / [se et suis? ------ "
"Matronis / [A] mfratnin (e) chis / Q (uintus) Quintinius / [-] p [------"
"M (atronis) Amartn (i) n / [e] his T (itus) Iulius / Vitalis pro / se [et suis] v (otum) / s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito)"
"Matronis / Amfratnin / ehis Q (uintus) Asi ["
"[A] mfra [tninehis] / [3] Anto [nius (?) 3] ar [3] / Ca [3] p (ro) se et s (uis) / v (otum) [s (olvit)] l (ibens) m (erito) "
"Amratnin [ice] / ["
"] / [A] mfrat [nineis (?)] / [3] sic [3] / [3] T ["
Epithet and interpretation
Günter Neumann and Robert Nedoma proposed solutions for the interpretation of the name , with Neumann taking the variant "Amratninae" as the basis and Nedoma using the main form, as the older form, for its interpretation. Theo Vennemann sees two composite links in the form, which, in his view, show familiar "toponymic bases", but which he cannot connect to any toponym from the Eschweiler area.
Neumann sees in etymological interpretation difficulties in determining suitable word stems as a basis in the relation of the two name variants. He prefers the Nebenform Amratninae respect to the mold with inserted ( epenthesis ) consonants f and postulates a nominal stem amra- of than in the old Germanic languages homonym is occupied and in Old Norse has the meaning of "bitter" and in Old High German amaro the grain of the summer Dinkels, respectively des Emmers and is in the place name Amorbach . He also sees the suffix - atn - as difficult to bind, so Neumann would use a prescription t from þ for a Germanic suffix * þan- and construct a hypothetical * amra-þan- = “bitterness, overgrown with dock ”. The name would be derived from represents a toponym. He emphasizes that there is no parallel case with the suffix -þan- , neither is it realized in a local plant name.
Nedoma points out the difficulties that Neumann established, the main form than the older form because it is the more difficult to read ( Lectio difficilior ) and segments differently than Neumann. It first separates the prefix am- from * an (a) - = "an" and receives the stem -fraþn- in Old High German (gi) frad = "efficient, effective, convincing", so the nickname would be the effectiveness, the favorable Denote the influence and helpful nature of the matrons.
See also
literature
- Frank Biller: Cultic centers and matron worship in the southern Germania inferior. Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89646-734-8 , p. 246 ff.
- Anna-Barbara Follmann-Schulz: The Roman temples in the province of Germania inferior. In: Wolfgang Haase (Hrsg.): Rise and decline of the Roman world, Vol. II 18, 1 Religion (Paganism: The religious conditions in the provinces) , de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1986. ISBN 3-11-010050-9 , Pp. 672-793; here 762, 782, plate VIII.
- Wolfgang Gaitzsch : excavations and finds 1980: Eschweiler, Kr. Aachen. 1. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 182, 1982, pp. 487-491.
- Robert Nedoma : Matronae Amfratninae. In: Contributions to name research NF 24 (1989), pp. 292–294.
- Günter Neumann : Matrones. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 19, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017163-5 , pp. 438–440 ( view in Google book search).
- Günter Neumann: The Germanic matron names . In: Matronen und related deities (= supplements to the Bonner Jahrbücher 44). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne / Habelt, Bonn 1987, ISBN 3-7927-0934-1 , pp. 103-132 = Astrid van Nahl, Heiko Hettrich (eds.): Günter Neumann: Name studies on Old Germanic (= supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanic Antiquity, Vol. 59). de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0 , pp. 253-289; here 284 Note 22 and page 64, 67, 233 ff., 265 ( charge Germanic Altertumskunde Online at de Gruyter ).
- Christoph B. Rüger : Roman inscription finds from the Rhineland 1978–1982, with a contribution by Brigitte Beyer. In: Epigraphische Studien 13 (1983).
- Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , pp. 6, 123.
- Theo Vennemann : The Central European place names and matron names with f, Þ, h and the late phase of Indo-Germania. In: George E. Dunkel et al. (Ed.): Early, Middle, and Late Indo-European. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-88226-735-6 , pp. 403-426; here 408 f.
- Theo Vennemann: Morphology of the Lower Rhine matron names . In: Edith Marold , Christiane Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Nordwestgermanisch (= supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde ). tape 13 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 1995, ISBN 978-3-11-014818-3 , pp. 272-291; here 277, 281 ( fee-based Germanic antiquity online at de Gruyter).