Matronae Alaferhviae

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The Alaferhviae are matrons , which by several dedicatory inscriptions of the 2nd / 3rd. Century from Altdorf , Gohr , Pattern and from Eschweiler are handed down.

Findings and inscriptions

The finds of the matron stones for the Alaferhviae are divided into three old finds from the 19th century and a good fourteen new stones from a sanctuary in Eschweiler. The finds are concentrated in the neighboring districts of Aachen and Düren in the western area of ​​the main area of ​​matron worship in Germania inferior . The founders are often characterized by the specific type of replication of the Roman naming of surnames and gentile names, or so-called pseudogentilizi , as native Romanized Germanic peoples.

Location pattern

The pattern inscription was discovered together with a second inscription stone as a construction in an inner wall of the manor house of a noble family from Aar in the early 17th century and later donated to the community of Lammersdorff. At the beginning August Oxé supplements the digraphs MP for [Ny] mp (his) with reference to the inscriptions CIL 13, 8521 and 8522.

"] MP Alapherh (a) vis [3] / [3] Corn (elius) Veru [s] / Tacitus ex [3] / l (ibens) m (erito)"

Altdorf site

The inscription from Altdorf is on a plate, the left and upper edge of which has been preserved, the right and lower one broken off. The top arched back a little like the arm of a bench or sofa. The arching is original, because the top line is already in the bend.

"Alaferhuiab [us 3] / Severus pro s [e et suis ex imp (erio?)] / Ipsaru [mv (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito?)]"

Site Gohr

In Gohr comes a simple, rectangular altar with a base and top with a five-line inscription.

"Alafer / huiabus / Hristo / Haleni / v (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito)"

The founder "Hristo" had a local, Germanic name with an Hr (χ) initial. The graphic germanic hr- continues according to indo-European law kr-; this means that the name is undoubtedly Germanic (see the Mercurius nickname "Hranno" ). The name of Hristo's father, Halenus, is also Germanic.

Location Echweiler

In Eschweiler-Fronhoven, most of the numerical evidence comes from a matron sanctuary that was newly found during the development of the lignite open - cast mining area Zukunft-West in 1980. In addition to the stones for the Alaferhviae, twelve votive stones for the previously unknown Amfratninae were found there.

Epithet and interpretation

The Germanic epithet is made up of two members with the stems "Ala" and "ferha" and a suffix. The transparent first link Ala- = "whole, complete" is a more common educational element of some Germanic god names such as Alagabiae , Alaisiagae , Alateivia with a blessing function. The inscribed "Ala" is an archaic form of the usual "Alla".

Siegfried Gutenbrunner interprets the second link - ferh (u) iae with reference to Old High German ferh , Old English feorh = "life" or to Old Saxon firihos = "people". Gutenbrunner and Günter Neumann interpret the name as matron "who have all vitality and grant".

Against Gutenbrunner, Helmut Birkhan sees it more obvious for the second link to consider a reference to the tree motif or to the topical character of the predominant number of matrons' names and puts it in Old High German fereheih , Longobard fereha = "oak" and too Old Norse fjorr = "tree, man “From Indo-European * percus . Birkhan compares the Alaferhviae with a "tree name" as the nickname of the Ala-terv (i) ae shows, for which he also speaks against Gutenbrunner (from Germ. * Terwa- = "firm, loyal") Germanic * terua- = "tree "Forest" and compares it with the ethnonym of the Terwingen .

Theo Vennemann , on the other hand, derives the name from a place name in the Eschweiler area from the ancient name of Verken ( Ferquum ) and constructs Ala + ferqiw-ae . In addition, he derives the variant in his own reading from the inscription of pattern "Alaphierhuiae" from * Perhuum = "Pier" (Inden Pier).

See also

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ CIL 13, 7863
  2. ↑ CIL 13, 8521 , CIL 13, 8522
  3. ↑ CIL 13, 7862
  4. ↑ CIL 13, 12012
  5. ^ AE 1926, 66
  6. ↑ AE 1984, 691
  7. ↑ AE 1984, 670 , AE 1984, 674 , AE 1984, 676 , AE 1984, 677 , AE 1984, 678 , AE 1984, 680 , AE 1984, 681 , AE 1984, 682 , AE 1984, 685 , AE 1984, 686 , AE 1984, 689 , AE 1984, 692
  8. ^ Günter Neumann: Matronen. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Volume 19. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, p. 439.