Matronae Veteranehae

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The Veteranehae or Veterahenae and Vatarahenae are matrons that have been handed down in several inscriptions on consecration stones from Nideggen , Düren district in the North Eifel from the 2nd to 3rd century.

Findings and inscriptions

The findings of the consecration stones for the Veteranehae are concentrated in the Nidegg villages of Abenden , Embken and Wollersheim . The finds from the Abender Matronenheiligtum ( sanctuary of Nideggen-Abenden ) are significant in that, although only one complete stone was found, the numerous fragments made there suggest a number of at least 54 consecration stones that were previously erected. The numerous fragments of inscriptions (38 documents) make the complex appear as the central cult site of the Matronae Veterahenae , especially since the documents from Embken (10 documents) and Wollersheim (3 documents) are late antique spolia that were reused there as walls for possibly Franconian graves. In older research, Embken was therefore adopted as the main place of worship for the Veterahenae before the evening excavations. In addition to the Nidegger finds, there is a new find of an inscription fragment from 1952 from Rommerskirchen, which is possibly a spoil from the Nidegger area.

Epithet and interpretation

According to Siegfried Gutenbrunner , contrary to the opinion of part of the oldest research (19th century), the epithet is not derived from the Latin "Veteranus", but with the subsidiary form of the Germanic * water = water , i.e. a reference to a body of water. Rudolf Simek uses the main form as a derivation of the name of the legion camp Castra Vetera .

According to Theo Vennemann , the matron name and its local variants are derived from a Gallo-Roman place name "Verteranum" based on a hydronym "Vetera". The Germanic form of Veteranehae was formed by the Ubier from a Gallo-Roman matron name "Veteraniae".

See also

literature

  • Frank Biller: Cultic centers and matron worship in the southern Germania inferior. Publishing house Marie Leidorf , Rahden / Westf. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89646-734-8 , pp. 131-161, panels 9, 10.
  • Albrecht Greule : German water names book. Etymology of the water body names and the associated area, settlement and field names. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 , p. 587 (for a fee at de Gruyter online).
  • Siegfried Gutenbrunner : The Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions. Max Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1936, pp. 10, 167, 186.
  • Andreas Kokoschke: The personal names in the two Germanic provinces. A catalog. Volume 1: Gentile Nominations. Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2006, p. 319, GN 989.
  • Andreas Kokoschke: The personal names in the two Germanic provinces. Volume 2.1: Cognomina. Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89646-033-2 , p. 463, CN 1732, p. 465, CN 1740.
  • Hans Lehner : The ancient stone monuments of the Provincial Museum in Bonn. Cohen, Bonn 1918.
  • Ludwig Lersch: Latest enrichment of the king. Museum of Rhenish antiquities. In: Bonner Jahrbücher . 12, 1848, pp. 42-60.
  • Günter Neumann :  Matrones. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 19, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017163-5 , pp. 438-440.
  • Hermann Reichert : Lexicon of the old Germanic names . Volume I, Volume II. (= Thesaurus Palaeogermanicus . 1,1; 1,2). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987, 1990, ISBN 3-7001-0931-8 , ISBN 3-7001-1718-3 .
  • Christoph B. Rüger : Inscription finds from 1975–1979 from the Rhineland. In: Ephigraphic Studies. Volume 12, 1981, pp. 287-307.
  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , pp. 266-272, 461, 466.
  • Markus Sommer: The sanctuary of the Matronae Veteranehae in the evenings. In: Bonner Jahrbücher. Volume 185, 1985, pp. 313-352.
  • Theo Vennemann : The Central European place names and matron names with f, þ, h and the late phase of Indo-Germania. In: Georges Dunkel et al. (Ed.): Early, Middle, Late Indo-European. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-88226-735-6 , pp. 403-426; here 407. Again in: Europa Vasconica - Europa Semitica. (= Trends in Linguistic 138). Patrizia Noel Aziz Hanna (Ed.). De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-090570-1 , pp. 95–122 ( fee required from de Gruyter Online).
  • Ders .: Morphology of the Lower Rhine matron names . In: Edith Marold , Christiane Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Nordwestgermanisch (=  supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde ). tape 13 . de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-11-014818-8 , pp. 272-291; here 277, 281 ( fee-based Germanic antiquity online at de Gruyter).

Web links

Epigraphic database Heidelberg
Location evenings
Rommerskirchen site

Remarks

  1. ↑ CIL 13, 7903 , CIL 13, 7904 , CIL 13, 7905 , CIL 13, 7906 , CIL 13, 7907 , CIL 13, 7908 , CIL 13, 7909 , CIL 13, 7910 , CIL 13, 7911
  2. ↑ CIL 13, 7821 , CIL 13, 7822 , CIL 13, 7823
  3. ^ AE 1986, 516
  4. ↑ Ludwig Lersch: Latest enrichment of the king. Museum of Rhenish antiquities. In: Bonner Jahrbücher. 12, 1848, p. 42ff.
  5. ^ AE 1977, 575
  6. ^ Siegfried Gutenbrunner: The Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions. Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1936, pp. 167, 186.
  7. ^ Rudolf Simek: Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , p. 466.
  8. ^ Theo Vennemann: Morphology of the Lower Rhine matron names. In: Northwest Germanic. (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde - supplementary volumes. 13). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1995, pp. 277, 281.