Matwei Genrichowitsch Maniser

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Matvey Manizer ( Russian Матвей Генрихович Манизер * 5. jul. / 17th March  1891 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 20th December 1966 in Moscow ) a was Russian - Soviet sculptor and art writer . Between 1947 and 1966 he held the post of Vice-President of the Academy of Arts of the USSR . Maniser created numerous sculptures that are among the classic works of socialist realism .

Life

Matwei Maniser was the son of the artist Genrich Maniser (1847–1925). In 1908/1909 he studied at the Central School for Technical Drawing “A. L. Stieglitz ”with Wassili Sawinski , 1909 to 1911 at the drawing school of the society for traveling exhibitions. He then continued his studies until 1916 at the Russian Academy of Arts under Vladimir Beklemischew . From 1921 to 1929 Maniser worked there as a lecturer. In 1926 he became a member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AChRR), which had been founded in 1922 and which had between 80 and 300 members, mostly sculptors and painters.

Between 1937 and 1941 Maniser was chairman of the Leningrad Department of the Union of Soviet Artists. In 1941 he joined the CPSU . After the war , in 1947, he became a full member and vice-president of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. From 1941 he lived in Moscow.

His students later known artist Ksanfi Kuznetsov included ( Ukrainian Ксанфій Андрійович Кузнецов ) (1913-1984), Ivan Perschudschew ( Russian Иван Гаврилович Першудчев ) (1915-1987) and Gavriil Glikman ( Russian Гавриил Давидович Гликман ) (1913-2003).

He himself summarized his works and the experience he gained in art books.

Matwei Maniser was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. A naked pair of lovers made of marble with a chiseled signature adorns his tomb (section no. 6).

Familiar

His wife Jelena Alexandrovna Janson-Maniser was also an artist and sculptor. Their son Gugo Maniser also became a recognized Soviet artist. Matwei's brother, Genrich Maniser (1889–1917), studied linguistics and was an ethnographer . He made a special contribution to researching the languages ​​of the Indians of South America and put together an extensive ethnographic collection.

Works (selection)

Already in the years 1920/1921 Maniser participated in the joint work for a monumental propaganda relief “The Worker” in the Petrowski Passage in Moscow.

The famous poets, scientists and politicians of the Soviet Union received monuments in many places. Matwei Maniser carried out some of these government contracts.

The memorial for the victims of January 9, 1905 (St. Petersburg Blood Sunday) in the cemetery January 9, 1905 (formerly the Russian Orthodox burial place of the Transfiguration of the Lord) in Obuchowo near Leningrad (today St. Petersburg) was created in Maniser's workshop between 1929 and 1931. He also created a monument to Dmitri Mendeleev , which was erected in the courtyard of the Mendeleev Institute for Technology on Moskovsky Prospect.

Lenin monument in Eisleben on a GDR postage stamp

He designed monuments in honor of Lenin in 1925 for the city of Petrozavodsk , 1929 for the city of Pushkin , 1933 for Moscow with the installation location in front of the VI Lenin Central Stadium , 1934 for installation in front of the government building in Minsk , 1940 in Ulyanovsk and finally in 1958 for the Soviet Union Pavilion at the Brussels World's Fair . This was followed by sculptures for Vasily Tschapajew (1932) and in 1938 for the politician Valerian Kuibyshev in Kuibyshev (today Samara). Monuments to Taras Shevchenko in Kharkov (1935) and Kiev (1938) were also made in Maniser's studio. Furthermore, the reliefs for Soja Kosmodemjanskaja in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow (1942), for Ivan Pavlov in Ryazan (1949), Alexander Pushkin at the site of his last duel and many other monuments come from Maniser. His most famous work is a discus thrower . Its history goes back to an entire series of sculptures on the subject of sport , which was created in 1926 together with his wife Jelena Janson-Maniser and T. S. Kirpichnikova. These many small figures were made in the Roter Wyborger (Красный Выборжец) bronze and zinc casting factory founded in 1857 , which was known for its excellent work. In 1940 Maniser delivered the Pushkin statue for the new station building in the city of Pushkin (“Children's Village” station), and in 1955 a memorial for Ivan Michurin in the city of Michurinsk .

Maniser created numerous sculptures between 1936 and 1939 for the Moscow Metro , including several for the “Revolution Square” (Плoщадь Революции) station. In the arches of the niches, mainly people are shown at work: a seated border soldier with a dog, a woman with a chicken, a young worker with a gear. Another station, " Elektrosavodskaja " (Электрозаводская) carries a group of figures by the sculptor with construction workers of the metro on the facade of the entrance hall. At the “Partisanskaya” station (Партизанская) there are also two sculptures by Maniser: one for Soja Kosmodemjanskaja and a second for the partisan Matwei Kuzmin.

Finally, Maniser also designed Stalin's death mask (1953).

Awards and honors

In 1933 Maniser received the honorary title of "Honored Artist of the Belarusian Soviet Republic " and in 1958 he became " People's Artist of the USSR ".

For his artistic work he received the Stalin Prize Second Class in 1941 for the Lenin Monument in Ulyanovsk, and in 1943 the Stalin Prize First Class for the Kosmodemjanskaya Monument. Maniser donated the associated cash bonus (100,000  rubles ) to the National Defense Fund. He was also a bearer of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Star .

In honor of Maniser, the art foundry "Monumentskulptura" in St. Petersburg was given the additional name MG Maniser.

In 1965, in the film studios of "Zentrnautschfilm" (central studio for popular science and educational films) in Moscow, the film portrait "The Calling of the Sculptor" (Призвание скульптора) about the life of Matwei Maniser was made under the direction of Vladimir Tomberg.

literature

Web links

Commons : Matwei Maniser  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Meyer's New Lexicon in eight volumes. VEB Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1964/65, Volume 5, Page 595
  2. ^ Yevgeny Kovtun: Russian avant-garde. Parkstone, 2012, ISBN 978-1-78042-346-3 , 104
  3. ↑ Brief information on the Partisanskaja metro station in Moscow at articles.portal-tol.net ; Retrieved February 3, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Maniser, Matwei Genrichowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Манизер, Матвей Генрихович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Soviet sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH December 20, 1966
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union