Megaliths in the Évora district
The megaliths in the Évora district form one of five distribution centers for dolmens and menhirs in Portugal . As early as 1733, Martin de Pina Mendonça carried out the first study of the Portuguese megalithic complexes, which at that time, like elsewhere in Europe , were declared to be sacrificial altars . The first list of dolmens of the Alentejo , also known as Lapa or Anta in Portugal, was given to the Royal Academy in 1734 by Father Afonso da Madre de Deus Guerreiro. It counted 315 dolmens, 66 of them in the Évora region . The large number of dolmens in the Évora district attracted the attention of scholars such as Gabriel Pereira, Pereira da Costa and Filipe Simões at the end of the 19th century.
In preparation for the famous congress of anthropology and prehistoric archeology held in Lisbon in 1880 , the French archaeologist Émile Cartailhac (1845–1921) excavated some of the facilities in the Évora district. In this way he contributed to the dissemination of information about the rich Portuguese heritage of megalithic culture and gained international recognition. At the beginning of the 20th century, the works of Leite de Vasconcelos, published in the book "O Arqueólogo Portuguȇs", brought progress in the historical interpretation of the facilities and their inventory. The first classification of national monuments (from June 16, 1910) already included 20 dolmens from the region around Évora.
List of important monuments near Évora
- Anta de Aguiar
- Anta da Herdade das Cabeças
- Anta do Paço das Vinhas
- Anta do Patalim
- Anta do Pau
- Anta Grande do Zambujeiro
- Anta of Pavia
- Antas da Valeira (2)
- Antas do Barrocal (2)
- Antas do Pinheiro do Campo (2)
- Comenda da Igreja
- Cromlech and Menhir dos Almendres
- Cromlech from Portela de Mogos
- Cromlech from Tojal
- Mamoa do Monte dos Condes
- Menhir da Oliveirinha
- Tojal menhir
- Menhirs da Casbarra
- São Brissos
- Antas do Monte da Barrosinha (2)
- Anta da Herdade da Bota
- Anta Herdade do Zambujalinho
- Antas da Herdade da Anta
- Antas do Freixo de Cima (2)
- Necropolis in Vale Rodrigo (3)
See also
literature
- António Carlos Silva, Rui Parreira, Miguel Lago da Silva: A Guide to the megalithic monuments of the Évora Region. = Roteiro do megalitismo de Evora . Câmara Municipal de Évora, Evora 1992, ISBN 972-95112-9-2 .
- Ana Palma dos Santos: Monumentos megalíticos do Alto Alentejo . Lisbon 1994, ISBN 972-918416-X .