Mehmed IV.

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Sultan Mehmed IV, Ottoman miniature (17th century)
Mehmed IV after an engraving by Jacob Peeters, 17th century

Mehmed IV ( January 2, 1642 , † January 6, 1693 ) was sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He was a son of Sultan İbrahim .

Life

His nickname Avcı  /اوجی / 'Hunter' indicates that he spent most of his reign hunting. He was hardly interested in affairs of state, which he left to his grand viziers. Among these stands out Köprülü Mehmed Pascha (1580–1661, Grand Vizier from 1656), who continued the war for Crete against the Republic of Venice, which had continued since 1645, and who was victorious in Transylvania against Georg II Rákóczi in 1658–1660 .

After Mehmed Köprülü's death, he appointed his son Köprülü Fâzıl Ahmed Pascha (1636–1676, Grand Vizier from 1661) to this office. This led the Hungarian campaign 1663-1664 , which ended despite the lost battle of Mogersdorf with a success and territorial gains of the Ottoman Empire. On the island of Crete in 1669 in the war against Venice, he successfully ended the siege of Candia, which had lasted since 1648, and in the subsequent peace treaty won the island and other Venetian possessions in the Aegean and Dalmatia for the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman-Polish War 1672–1676 , Ahmed Köprülü won Podolia for the Sultan. A report on the 1672 campaign is documented in the Chronicle of Hacı Ali . The attempt to conquer the whole of Ukraine in the Ottoman-Russian War 1676–1681 failed, however.

The next Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pascha (1634 / 35–1683, Grand Vizier from 1676) was less capable. He successfully besieged the Cossack town of Tschigirin and supported the Hungarian uprising of Imre Thököly in 1683 against the Austrians. The following Second Turkish siege of Vienna was unsuccessful, as it was from Jan III. Sobieski , the King of Poland, and the Imperial General Charles V of Lorraine were defeated and forced to retreat.

Mehmed IV, who was completely surprised by the train on Vienna, was embittered about the arbitrariness of his grand vizier and the defeat, but initially did not want to punish Kara Mustafa. Once again, hunting was more important to him than business of state. It was only through an intrigue by courtiers against the grand vizier that he was ready to sign the death sentence . He had Kara Mustafa strangled in Belgrade , but that did not save his throne. In the course of the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699 , his empire was put on the defensive for the first time, in the course of which, with its losses, he was finally ousted and imprisoned in Edirne .

Suleyman II was his successor ; a son of Mehmed ( Mustafa II ) was sultan from 1695 to 1703.

See also

The Zaporozhian Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish sultan

literature

  • Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, Robert Waissenberger (editor): The Turks before Vienna. Europe and the decision on the Danube. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7017-0312-4 .
  • Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power . Marix, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-937715-25-8 .
  • Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history . 4th edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-20020-9 .
  • Nicolae Iorga : History of the Ottoman Empire. Depicted according to the sources. 5 volumes, Verlag Perthes, Gotha 1908–1913, reprinted Frankfurt / Main 1990.
  • Gabriel Effendi Noradounghian : Recueil d'actes internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman 1300–1789. Tome I. Paris, Neufchâtel 1897. Reprint: Kraus, Nendeln 1978, ISBN 3-262-00527-4 .

Web links

Commons : Mehmed IV.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Illustration by Mathias van Somer from 1665: Mahomet, the fourth of this name and of the Otthoman family of the nineteen Turkish Kayser ( digitized )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Waissenberger: Orientation in the age. in: Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, Robert Waissenberger (editor): The Turks before Vienna. Europe and the decision on the Danube 1683. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7017-0312-4 , p. 13.
  2. ^ Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, Krakow: Kara Mustafa Pascha. in: Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, Robert Waissenberger (editor): The Turks before Vienna. Europe and the decision on the Danube 1683. Residenz Verlag, Salzburg / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7017-0312-4 , p. 249.
predecessor Office successor
İbrahim Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire
1648–1687
Suleyman II