Mentha gattefossei
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Mentha gattefossei is a species in the genus of mint ( Mentha ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). This low endangered species is found only in Morocco.
description
Appearance
Mentha gattefossei is a perennial herbaceous plant . The more or less elongated, creeping rhizome forms new runners at or after flowering. The simple to little branched stalk is 20 to 30 centimeters high, sometimes lying briefly at the base and rooting there, then standing upright and richly leafed with deciduous leaves and axillary tufts. It is whitish and only slightly hairy at the nodes, but has sessile, spherical glands.
Foliage leaves
The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are sessile. The simple leaf blade is bright green and glabrous. Only the middle nerve is clearly pronounced, the secondary nerve, on the other hand, is very fine and hardly recognizable. The underside of the leaf is more or less densely dotted with glands. The leaves of the runners are ovate to oblong and notched or wavy towards the rounded tip. The leaf blade of the stem leaves is flat to curled, broadly linear to linear-inverted-lanceolate and notched towards the rounded to very blunt tip. The whitish midrib protrudes over two thirds to three quarters of the length on the underside of the blade and is more or less lost towards the tip.
inflorescence
The inflorescence consists of distant, multi-flowered pseudo whorls with a spherical outline. Their bracts resemble the foliage leaves, become increasingly smaller and wider towards the tip of the inflorescence and are almost entire. The bracts are usually ovate-lanceolate, blunt or pointed and with entire margins. The unequal length of the flower stalks covered with tiny glands are half to three quarters as long as the calyx tube.
blossom
The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic . The pale green calyx consists of five tubular to funnel-shaped fused sepals . The outer surface is usually hairless, dotted with large, spherical, golden-yellow, shiny glands and at the same time papilous due to tiny, transparent glands. The calyx tube has twelve nerves and a shaggy hair on the inside in the throat. The five bald, erect calyx teeth are very unequal. The two front calyx teeth are drawn out into a long, transparent awl tip for a triangular base, the three rear calyx teeth are short triangular with a transparent tip.
The pale purple colored, overgrown, funnel-shaped, four-column crown towers over the calyx. The corolla tube is bare outside and inside. The long lashed corolla lobes are elongated with a rounded tip.
The four almost equally long stamens protrude far from the corolla; on the bare stamens that set ellipsoidal , black purple anthers at the center. The bald stylus has two columns.
fruit
The obovate, reddish-yellow Klausen have a smooth surface with tiny warts, the edges are not edged, the base is pointed, the inside is almost keeled.
Phenology
The flowering period begins at the end of June and lasts until July.
Chromosome number
Chromosome numbers of 2n = approx. 32 and 36 as well as 40, 48 were published in three papers .
ingredients
All parts of the plant are fragrant, it smells of the Polei mint. In the essential oil 52 components were detected, including a particularly characteristic pulegone , menthone , piperitone and piperitenone .
Occurrence and endangerment status
Mentha gattefossei is endemic to Morocco . It occurs there in the Middle , High Atlas and Anti-Atlas on wet pastures at altitudes between 1500 and 2200 meters. It is often associated with the polei mint ( Mentha pulegium ). Another occurrence exists on the Ziz River in the Sahara .
Mentha gattefossei is classified as "low risk" by the IUCN . Unsustainable use as food and medicinal plants and frequent overgrazing of the sites are considered threats. Mentha gattefossei does not enjoy any legal protection status in Morocco .
Systematics
Mentha gattefossei was first described by René Charles Maire in 1922 . The specific epithet honors the chemical engineer and botanist Jean Gattefossé , who contributed to the knowledge of the Moroccan flora through his collections.
Maire placed Mentha gattefossei in the Pulegium section and suspected that this species was closely related to Polei mint. Harley and Brighton followed this classification in 1977. Arthur O. Tucker and Robert FC Naczi, however, placed them in the Eriodontes section in 2007 , together with deer mint ( Mentha cervina ). Molecular genetic studies do not confirm the monophyly of the section, but the two species are actually sisters.
proof
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k René Maire: Contributions à l'étude de la Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Quatrième Fascicule). In: Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord. Volume 13, No. 2, 1922, pp. 37-44 (PDF file).
- ↑ a b Aïcha Ouyahya: Mentha . In: Mohamed Fennane, Mohammed Ibn Tattou, Aïcha Ouyahya, Jalal El Oualidi: Flore Pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires. Volume 2: Angiospermae (Leguminosae – Lentibulariaceae) (= Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Série Botanique ). Volume 38, 2007, Rabat, ISBN 9954-8347-4-5 .
- ↑ Mentha gattefossei , chromosome number at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Fujita Shin'ichi, Moriyoshi Kayo: Essential Oil of Mentha Gattefossei Maire. In: Nippon Kagakkai Koen Yokoshu. Volume 79, No. 2, 2001, p. 1366 (Abstract) ( Memento of the original from August 15, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ a b Mentha gattefossei in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. Rhazi, 2007. Accessed August 17, 2011th
- ↑ Jiranan Bunsawat, Natalina E. Elliott, Kate L. Hertweck, Elizabeth Sproles, Lawrence A. Alice: Phylogenetics of Mentha (Lamiaceae): Evidence from Chloroplast DNA Sequences. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 29, No. 4, 2004, pp. 959-964, DOI: 10.1600 / 0363644042450973 .
Web links
- Herbarium evidence (type?) At Herbier de l'Universite Montpellier II (MPU)
- Pictures: at szestabor.cz at Roland Spohn
Map with all linked sites: