Mepiquat chloride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Mepiquat chloride
other names	1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride; Pix;
Molecular formula	C 7 H 16 ClN
Brief description	white crystalline powder
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100,041,937
PubChem	62781
Wikidata	Q17048488
properties
Molar mass	149.66 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	decomposes above 285 ° C
solubility	Easily soluble in water (> 500 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302-412
	P: 264-270-273-301 + 312 + 330-501
Toxicological data	464 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; > 7800 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , transdermal ) ; > 3900 mg m −3 ( LD 50 , rat , inh. ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Mepiquat chloride is a chemical compound from the group of piperidines and quaternary ammonium compounds and a growth regulator introduced by BASF in 1978 .

Extraction and presentation

Mepiquat chloride can be prepared by reaction of piperidine with bromomethane (methyl bromide), and silver chloride are obtained

use

Mepiquat chloride is used as a systemic growth regulator. Mepiquat inhibits gibberellic acid biosynthesis by blocking the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) to kauren . This inhibits cell stretching , which reduces the length growth of the plants.

Mepiquat-chloride is used in rapeseed and grain cultivation in combination with Ethephon ( Terpal ) or the fungicide Metconazole ( Carax ) to increase the stability of the stalks and winter hardiness. This significantly reduces the risk of a half-break . Mepiquat chloride is used for cotton to premature ripening and to inhibit unwanted vegetative growth; with onions and garlic mepiquat prevents germination .

toxicology

Mepiquat chloride is neither poisonous to bees nor to fish and is broken down in the soil with a half-life of 10 days.

Admission

In 2008, Mepiquat was added to the list of active ingredients for plant protection products permitted in the EU . Mepiquat-chloride is approved as an active ingredient in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on Mepiquat chloride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 20, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d data sheet Mepiquat chloride at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 30, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ Entry on mepiquat chloride (ISO); 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on December 30, 2019. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . William Andrew, 1996, ISBN 0-8155-1853-6 , pp. 501 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Green CF, Chalmers IF, Drury-Lowe J. Packe: Enhancing the performance of ethephon with mepiquat chloride on barley ( Hordeum distichon cV . Panda) using an adjuvant comprising acidified soyal phospholipid . In: Annals of Applied Biology . tape 113 , no. 1 , August 1988, pp. 177–188 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1744-7348.1988.tb03294.x ( PDF ).
^ PSM approval report Carax
↑ Directive 2008/108 / EC (PDF) of the Commission of November 26, 2008 amending Council Directive 91/414 / EEC to include the active substances flutolanil, benfluralin, fluazinam, fuberidazole and mepiquat.
^ Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Mepiquat in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on February 16, 2016.

[roempp-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on Mepiquat chloride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 20, 2014.

[Sigma-2] ta sheet Mepiquat chloride at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 30, 2019 ( PDF ).

[CLP_100.041.937-3] Entry on mepiquat chloride (ISO); 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on December 30, 2019. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[unger-4] Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . William Andrew, 1996, ISBN 0-8155-1853-6 , pp. 501 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[5] Green CF, Chalmers IF, Drury-Lowe J. Packe: Enhancing the performance of ethephon with mepiquat chloride on barley ( Hordeum distichon cV . Panda) using an adjuvant comprising acidified soyal phospholipid . In: Annals of Applied Biology . tape 113 , no. 1 , August 1988, pp. 177–188 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1744-7348.1988.tb03294.x ( PDF ).

[6] PSM approval report Carax

[7] Directive 2008/108 / EC (PDF) of the Commission of November 26, 2008 amending Council Directive 91/414 / EEC to include the active substances flutolanil, benfluralin, fluazinam, fuberidazole and mepiquat.

[PSM-8] Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Mepiquat in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on February 16, 2016.