Enkephalin
| Preproenkephalin A. | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Calotte model of Met-Enkephalin according to PDB 1PLW | ||
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 267 aa; 30.8 kDa | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | PENK | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Jaws | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 5179 | 18619 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000181195 | ENSMUSG00000045573 |
| UniProt | P01210 | Q68G73 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_006211 | NM_001002927 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_006202 | NP_001002927 |
| Gene locus | Chr 8: 57.52 - 57.52 Mb | Chr 4: 4.06 - 4.07 Mb |
| PubMed search | 5179 |
18619
|
The enkephalins ( ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος enképhalos " brain ") are endogenous pentapeptides from the class of opioid peptides . These are opioids produced by the body itself . This family consists of two connections that play an important role in the perception of pain . The other two families of opioid peptides are the endorphins and the dynorphins .
Discovery and Structure
The two neuropeptides were discovered in 1975. In the peptide sequence they differ in the fifth amino acid . Met-Enkephalin has the sequence Tyr - Gly - Gly - Phe - Met and Leu-Enkephalin has the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe- Leu .
functionality
See main article Opioid Receptor
The receptor for the two enkephalins are the opioid receptors , which belong to the group of G-protein-coupled receptors . There the two enkephalins act as the body's own pain relievers.
genetics
The gene coding for the two neuropeptides is called proenkephalin (PENK). In humans, it is on chromosome 8 , gene locus q23-q24. The Met-enkephalin sequence is encoded by both the enkephalin gene and the endorphin gene (POMC gene), while the sequence of the Leu-enkephalin is encoded by both the enkephalin gene and the dynorphin gene.
literature
- J. Schultz, J. Graw: "Enkephalins - Endorphins - endogenous opiate agonists", Pharmazie in our time 1977 , No. 6, pp. 163-70. doi : 10.1002 / pauz.19770060601
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ External identifiers of or database links for Met-Enkephalin : CAS number: 58569-55-4, EC number: 261-335-8, ECHA InfoCard: 100.055.741 , PubChem : 6427062 , ChemSpider : 391597 , Wikidata : Q1960495 .
- ↑ External identifiers or database links for Leu-Enkephalin : CAS number: 58822-25-6, EC number: 261-457-1, ECHA InfoCard: 100.055.852 , PubChem : 461776 , ChemSpider : 406229 , Wikidata : Q6533903 .
- ↑ RS Rapaka, RL Hawks: Opioid peptides: Molecular pharmacology, biosynthesis and analysis In: National Institute on Drug Abuse , Research Monograph # 70, 1986.