Mikhail Grigoryevich Eefremov

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Mikhail Grigoryevich Eefremov

Mikhail Grigorievich Efremov (Russian: Михаил Григорьевич Ефремов) (* February 27 . Jul / 11 March 1897 greg. In Tarusa region Kaluga ; † 19th April 1942 in the area Vyazma ) was a Soviet lieutenant general in World War II .

Life

His father, Grigori Jemelianowitsch Jefremow, came from a poor family of farm workers in the Orel province and came to Tarusa in 1895 in search of work , where he married a local woman, Alexandra Lukinichna Ganschin. After the birth of Mikhail, the family moved to the nearby village of Jurjatino on the Protwa , where the mother found work as a cook. Mikhail Grigoryevich soon worked as an apprentice in the Ryabov factory in Moscow , then he attended a school for engravers and took part in several work courses.

Early military career

During the First World War he joined the Imperial Army in September 1915 with the 55th Reserve Regiment. He soon became the basic training for Telavi sent, which he completed in the spring 1916th With an artillery unit he took part in the Brusilov offensive in Galicia . During the Russian Civil War he fought on the South and Caucasus fronts and rose from company commander to corps commander and fought the white guards under Krasnov and Mamontov . From February 1918 he initially acted as a trainer with the 1st Samoskvorech Red Guards Regiment, in the summer he became the leader of a company of the 1st Moscow Rifle Brigade and in October he took part in an armed uprising in Moscow. He joined the CPSU in 1919 and was transferred to the Astrakhan region on the recommendation of the chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee , where he took part in the defense of Astrakhan, was wounded and cured in a Voronezh hospital. In 1920 he commanded an armored train in the 11th Army (Lieutenant General MK Lewandowski ) in the Baku area. The open platforms of the steel wagons were converted into movable artillery batteries, and guns were installed on special turntables that made it possible to fire all around. On the Caucasian Front he took part in the offensive in Baku in 1920 together with the armed forces of the Volga-Caspian Flotilla and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the Azerbaijan SSR for his successes . From February 1921 he was commander of the 33rd Rifle Division, from July 1921 head of the Second Moscow Command Course for Infantry and from February 1924 deputy commander and head of the political department of the 14th Rifle Division. In April 1924 he commanded the 19th Tambower rifle division and from July 1928 the 18th Yaroslavl rifle division. From March 1931 he was commissioner of the 3rd Rifle Corps and from December 1933 commander of the 12th Rifle Corps. On behalf of the Commissioner for People's Defense he was given the rank of "Division Commander". Since June 1937, he alternately commanded the troops of the Volga, Transbaikal, Orel, North Caucasus and Transcaucasus military districts. In 1938 he replaced PJ Dybenko, who had been deposed in the Great Terror, in the Volga Military District and found that he too was threatened, but threatened charges were dropped.

In the Patriotic War

At the beginning of the Second World War, Yefremov, promoted to Lieutenant General on June 4, 1940, fought as commander of the 21st Army on the Western Front , which had to retreat in front of the German Panzer Group 2 in the direction of Mogilev . On August 7, 1941, he was appointed Commander of the Central Front and in October 1941, Commander of the 33rd Army . In late November 1941, his army occupied the defense in direct contact with the enemy along the Nara River , lacking strength and resources. On December 1, the Germans started northwest of Naro-Fominsk and broke through the defense of the 222nd Infantry Division of the 33rd Army. During the counterattack that began on December 5, 1941, the 33rd Army liberated Naro-Fominsk on December 26, Borovsk on January 4, 1942, and Verya on January 19. On January 17, 1942, Yefremov received an order from the commander of the Western Front, General Zhukov , to advance on Vyazma . This offensive by part of the forces of the Western Front (which had suffered heavy losses in previous battles) began on January 26th. According to Soviet plans, the armed forces of the 33rd Army and Below Cavalry Corps would lead the attack on Vyazma and meet with the troops of the Kalinin Front attacking from the north , on the front line of which the 11th Cavalry Corps was operating and helping to defeat the bulk of the cut off German Army Group Center . During this operation, however, the 33rd Army itself was soon trapped west of the Ugra by German counter-attacks . On April 9, 1942, Soviet headquarters sent a plane into the pocket to fly General Yefremov out of the pocket, but the general refused to leave his soldiers. On April 13, the front headquarters of the 33rd Army gave late permission to break out across the Ugra to the east. Only small groups managed to get through to the other side of the Ugra. General Yefremov was badly wounded on April 19th and shot himself for not wanting to be captured. The Germans buried his found body at the altar of the Trinity Church in the village of Slobodka. After the liberation of the Smolensk region in 1943, General Yefremov's remains were exhumed and solemnly buried in Vyazma in the Catherine Cemetery. With the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1996 "for courage and heroism in the fight against the Nazi invaders in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", Lieutenant General MG Yefremov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union .

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personal data
SURNAME Yefremov, Mikhail Grigoryevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ефремов, Михаил Григорьевич (Russian spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet lieutenant general
DATE OF BIRTH March 11, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Tarusa , Kaluga region
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1942
Place of death Vyasma room