Mihály Biró
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Mihály Biró (born Mihály Weinberger November 30, 1886 in Bia , Austria-Hungary ; died October 6, 1948 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian graphic artist, draftsman and caricaturist.
Life
Mihály Weinberger was a son of Dávid Weinberger and Róza Neu, the family Magyarized their name to Biró. He attended the Royal Hungarian School of Applied Arts in Budapest . Between 1908 and 1910 Biró traveled to Munich, Berlin and England, where he attended a training workshop for the Arts and Crafts Movement in Chipping Campden and received a prize in a poster competition for The Studio magazine . Biró worked in Budapest as a poster artist for both the private sector and the Hungarian social democracy . In 1912 the first exhibition of his works took place in the Budapest Künstlerhaus.
Biró was a soldier in World War I and was dismissed from service in 1917 with the rank of lieutenant. During the war he designed various war posters for the home front and in January 1917 the cover of the German magazine Das Plakat . In 1917 he had an exhibition in the Ernst Museum . In the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, Biró became the "Government Commissioner for Illustrated Political Posters" and fled to Vienna after it was suppressed.
In Vienna he worked as a poster artist and illustrator for newspapers and magazines, such as the Arbeiter-Zeitung , the Neue Freie Presse , the hour and the stage . For the National Council election in 1920 he designed six posters for the Social Democratic Labor Party (SDAP). In 1925 he married Janka Teréziá Zechmann.
In 1928 Biró went to Berlin . After 1930 his order book worsened and, in view of the rise of National Socialism in Germany, he returned to Vienna in 1932. During the February fighting in 1934, Biró was in the Reumannhof . He fled to Bratislava , in a catastrophic financial situation and with increasingly poor health, he tried in vain to obtain an entry permit to Horthy-Hungary . In Czechoslovakia he painted portraits and a fresco on the workers' home in Nyitra .
After the Sudeten crisis in 1938 he fled to Paris, and during the German occupation of France in World War II, he survived the German persecution of Jews in France as a prisoner in the Paris Rothschild hospital .
In 1947 he was able to return to Hungary, where he was unable to take up a position as a university lecturer at the Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts because of his poor health.
Illustrations (selection)
- Izidor Kálnoki : Doctor Clarchen . Translation by Eduard Kadossa. Title page and illustrations by Michael Biró. Berlin: Glöckner, 1929
- Eugen Heltai : The Jaguar . Illustrations Michael Biró. Berlin: Glöckner, 1929
- Lajos Biró : masks of marriage . Illustrations Michael Biró. Berlin: Glöckner, 1929
- Paul Tabori : Private Gallery: A Collection of Stories . Woodcuts Biro. London: Sylvan Press, 1945
literature
- Peter Noever (Ed.): Mihály Biró. Pathos in red . Nuremberg: Verlag für Moderne Kunst, 2010 ISBN 978-3-86984-157-1
- Emil Horn: Mihály Biró . Hanover: Poster Concepts, 1996 ISBN 978-3-9803792-1-2
- Bernhard Denscher, Helge Zoitl (Ed.): Biró Mihály 1886 - 1948. Plakátok, posters . Budapest, 1986
- Livia Povázai (Ed.): Biró Mihály . Budapest: Reflector, 1986
- Mihály Biró: (1886-1948); Posters . City Gallery Erlangen, Palais Stutterheim, 30.10. - 11/20/1983 ISBN 978-3-923899-01-2
Web links
- Literature by and about Mihály Biró in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature by and about Mihály Biró in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- Mihály Biró , Vienna History Wiki
- Biró Mihály , in Magyar életrajzi lexikon, 1967
Individual evidence
- ^ The poster , 1917
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Biró, Mihály |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Biro, Mihaly |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hungarian poster artist and commercial artist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 30, 1886 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Biatorbágy |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 6, 1948 |
| Place of death | Budapest |