Mihail Romniceanu

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Romania's Communist Party leader Gheorghiu-Dej (1st from left), Deputy Prime Minister Tătărescu (3rd from left), Prime Minister Groza (4th from left) and Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Wyschinski (right, with glasses) accepted Romniceanu into the government under pressure from the USA
Mihail Romniceanu died in Râmnicu Sărat prison

Mihail MN Romniceanu (born  February 17, 1891 in Bucharest , Romania , †  February 13, 1960 in Râmnicu Sărat , Romania) was a liberal Romanian politician.

Mihail Romniceanu was initially a lawyer and then became a law professor at the University of Bucharest . Since 1932 he was a member of the executive committee of the Ion Duca- led National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal) and was elected to the Senate in 1933 for the Hunedoara district. After Duca's murder, he was one of the conservative wing of party chairman Constantin Brătianu ("Dinu"), who rivaled the wing of General Secretary Gheorghe Tătărescu (Prime Minister 1934-1940). Together with Brătianu and Tătărescu, Romniceanu supported the revolution of 23 August 1944 against the fascist military dictatorship of Ion Antonescu . In the military governments formed by Constantin Sănătescu and Nicolae Rădescu at the end of the Second World War , he was Minister of Finance from the beginning of November 1944 to the end of February 1945 .

Rădescu was replaced by his deputy Petru Groza , who formed a coalition government with the Communist Party of Romania . When Brătianu and Tătărescu fell out again over the question of participation in this communist-dominated post-war government, Romniceanu continued to support Brătianu and was then replaced as minister by Tătărescu's party friend Dumitru Alimănişteanu in March 1945 . Tătărescu, who in the meantime had founded his own National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal - Tătărescu) , became deputy prime minister and foreign minister. Brătianu went into the opposition together with ex-prime minister Iuliu Maniu (Peasant Party).

During the Paris peace negotiations , the United States and Great Britain called on the Romanian government to legitimize itself democratically by holding elections soon and, until then, to transform itself into an all-party government by accepting opposition politicians (if not the party leaders Brătianu and Maniu themselves, then at least representatives the National Liberals and the Peasant Party) - otherwise they would not sign a peace treaty. In close coordination with the Anglo-American diplomats Averell Harriman and Clark Kerr , Constantin (Dinu) Brătianu nominated his cousin Constantin ("Bebe") Brătianu and Iuliu Maniu his deputy Ion Mihalache . Groza, Tătărescu, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and finally the Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Wyschinski rejected this, although Wyschinski initially wanted to accept Constantin ("Bebe") Brătianu, who was also proposed by Ana Pauker . Instead, in January 1946, second-rate politicians from the National Liberal Party and the Peasant Party were accepted into the government and elections were promised soon. As ministers without portfolio, Mihail Romniceanu and Emil Hațieganu (Peasant Party) had no influence. After the elections of November 1946, in which the Tătărescu party, which was part of the communist-led electoral bloc (National Front), was able to beat the Brătianu party, which was allied with Manius Bauern, Romniceanu finally lost his ministerial post and shortly afterwards his position at the university. In April 1948 he was arrested, sentenced to twelve years of forced labor and taken to Râmnicu Sărat prison.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Victimele terorii comuniste, Dictionar: R (omniceanu)
  2. ↑ Christoph Kruspe, Jutta Arndt: Taschenlexikon Romania , pages 46, 151 and 207. Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1984
  3. ^ Walter Theimer : Lexikon der Politik , page 575. Lehnen Verlag Munich 1951
  4. ↑ Boris Ponomarjow , Andrei Gromyko , Wladimir Chwostow: History of Soviet Foreign Policy 1945-1970 , page 41ff. Progress Publishers, Moscow 1974
  5. ^ Martin Mevius: Agents of Moscow - The Hungarian Communist Party and the Origins of Socialist Patriotism, 1941-1953 , pp. 144f. Clarendon Press, Oxford 2005
  6. ^ Dennis Deletant : Romania under Communism - Paradox and Degeneration . Routledge, New York 2018
  7. ^ Mary McCauley: Communist Power in Europe, 1944-49 , pages 122 and 129. Springer, London 2016
personal data
SURNAME Romniceanu, Mihail
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Romniceanu, Mihail MN
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Romanian Minister of Finance
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Bucharest
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1960
Place of death Râmnicu Sărat