Petru Groza
Petru Groza (born December 7, 1884 in Băcia Hunedoara , † January 7, 1958 in Bucharest ) was a Romanian politician and lawyer .
Life
Petru Groza was born as the son of the Romanian Orthodox pastor Adam Groza. His ancestors included a number of Orthodox pastors, including Simion Groza, the tribune of the revolutionary Avram Iancu . Orphaned on his mother's side at the age of six, he grew up under the care of two aunts. He attended elementary school in his birthplace, as well as in Costei and Lugoj . His father worked as a pastor in these villages.
In 1903 he was among the first to graduate from the Hungarian Reformed College of Broos , where he learned the Hungarian and German languages . Breaking with family tradition, he began studying law and economics in Budapest that same year (scholarship from the Gojdu Foundation). From October 5, 1905, he was enrolled as a student of law and political economy at the University of Berlin . From autumn 1906 he continued his studies of commercial and business law at the University of Leipzig . The following year, Groza studied again in Budapest, where he obtained the title of Dr. of law with “magna cum laude”. Later he also received a doctorate in economics and political science.
Petru Groza opened a private law firm in Deva (German Diemrich ) in 1911 . In the same year he was elected as a member of the Synod of the Mitropolis of Sibiu , a position that he retained until the end of his life. In the First World War, Groza served as a simple soldier in the 8th Honved - Regiment .
Political activity
Politically, Groza was active in the Romanian National Party of Transylvania. At the Grand National Assembly of Alba Iulia on December 1, 1918, he was one of the first speakers to announce the unification of Transylvania with Romania. He resolutely opposed the so-called Government Council, which called for a transitional government for Transylvania for ten years, and for the unconditional and immediate unification of Transylvania with Old Romania.
In 1920 Groza left the Romanian National Party and joined the People's Party founded by General Alexandru Averescu . In the first Averescu government, he headed the Ministry of Transylvania, which later became the Ministry of Co-Resident Nationalities, from April 16 to December 13, 1921.
In the period 1922–1926, when the People's Party was in opposition, Groza remained a member of parliament. He used this time with great success for personal and business activities. As a member of the Supreme Agricultural Council (implementation of the agrarian reform of 1923 ), president of Romania's industrial entrepreneurs, member of supervisory boards of over 45 companies, as well as numerous government commissions, Petru Groza became one of the richest people in Transylvania. His property included extensive estates, banks, factories, hotels and department stores.
In the second Averescu government (March 30, 1926 - June 4, 1927) he became Minister of Public Works. After the fall of this government, Groza initially withdrew from politics. In the period between 1927 and 1933 he ordered himself to stay in Deva. During this period he studied the various political and economic doctrines of the time.
In 1933 Groza founded the Ploughman Front ( Frontul Plugarilor ) in Deva , which was primarily supposed to represent the interests of the peasant population. From 1945 to 1946 Groza was the king-appointed Prime Minister of Romania , from 1947 to 1952 the elected Prime Minister of a communist-led coalition government. During his reign he moved closer and closer to the position of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union , non-Communist politicians were pushed out of the government (e.g. Gheorghe Tătărescu ). From 1952 he held the honorary presidency of the People's Republic of Romania ( Președinte onorific al Statului ).
Honors
The city of Ștei (ung. Vaskohsziklás ) in Bihor County was named after him from 1958 to 1990.
family
The Romanian ambassador to Vienna (1976–1985), Octavian Groza , was Petru Groza's son.
Individual evidence
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Groza, Petru |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Romanian politician and lawyer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 7, 1884 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Băcia |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 7, 1958 |
| Place of death | Bucharest |