Military Academy “Friedrich Engels”, Air Force / Air Defense Section

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MAK Friedrich Engels

- Section LSK / LV -

logo
founding 1960
Sponsorship Ministry for National Defense (MfNV), from March 1990: Ministry for Disarmament and Defense (MfAV), military university of the GDR
place Dresden
country Flag of East Germany.svg GDR
Commander of the section Major General Heinz Böhme
Students Graduates: 6,290 officers (1959–1990),

including 181 officers from other countries (1974–1990).

Employee approx. 520 (1988),

including 425 scientific. Staff,

including professors 36 appointed professors (1990), 30 appointed lecturers,

66 HS teachers with a B PhD, 193 HS teachers with A PhD.

Website MAFE

The Air Force / Air Defense section (III. Section) was part of the "Friedrich Engels" military academy of the National People's Army (NVA) of the GDR in Dresden . The section was founded on January 4, 1960 as the Air Force Faculty of the National People's Army (LSK). The training concerned air defense (LV) and air defense (TLA).

history

The section began on the day it was founded with the independent training of management cadres of the LSK / LV. For this purpose, the following chairs (LS) were established:

  • LS Tactics of the Air Force ( Major Hans Martin)
  • LS Aircraft Technology ( Captain Lothar Bitterlich)
  • LS tactics of the LV and TLA (Major Ullrich Grell)
  • LS shooting of the anti-aircraft cartillery (Major Hans Lehmann)
  • LS News and Radio Location (Lieutenant Colonel Kurt Wolk)

The engineering training for aircraft maintenance engineers took place mainly outside, on the Dresden Dürerstraße campus of the then Dresden School of Engineers for Aircraft Construction , which had existed since November 1956.

In the founding phase and the first few years of rapid expansion of the section, its workforce was still quite modest in terms of both scope and qualifications. Above all, the teaching staff lacked experience as a university professor and a significant head start in terms of their own level of education and life experience compared to officers' officers who were almost the same age or even older at the beginning of the training, most of whom were already experienced military officers .

Particularly in the field of tactics, the older training officers themselves came straight from the troop service without any basic tactical or even academic training. In the early years, the teaching staff was reinforced by young graduates from Soviet military academies who had a good academic background but had no experience in the military.

The technical staff usually had good technical qualifications with an engineering degree. But most of them had to learn that they had to train commanders and staff officers and give them a technical and scientific foundation for tactics.

In the first few years, the task was to train officers' listeners and, at the same time, to train the teaching staff. Various qualification measures and forms of study were later carried out up to the doctorate . Experienced teaching officers from Soviet military academies, who usually worked for one year in the section and in the chairs as military specialists, provided decisive help in the profiling of the section.

Re-profiling from 1962

The changing conditions, structures and higher demands of the troops - especially the creation of the two air defense divisions ( 1st LVD and 3rd LVD ) - demanded a qualitative reorientation. From 1962, the chairs were re-profiled with the aim of eliminating the separation of tactical and technical chairs, deepening the unity of theory and practice and developing the section into the scientific center of the LSK / LV armed forces .

The following chairs were created:

The chairs were given the task of developing into scientific centers for their branch of arms . The restructuring of the faculties into sections and a new organizational structure at the military academy itself resulted in the renaming of the faculty in the Air Force / Air Defense section and changes such as:

  • Formation of the Scientific Council of the Section.
  • Introduction of the function of a course leader, to whom all officer auditors of the section were subordinate.
  • Creation of the chair of tactics of higher units of the air defense troops under Lieutenant Colonel Karl Harms.
  • With the increasing importance of the front and army aviation forces, formation of the chair of air forces with effect from September 1, 1978 under Colonel Beer.

Taking into account the integration of the NVA's army aviation forces into the land forces and due to the increasing importance of computer science , the independent chairs of Army Aviation Forces, Front Aviation Forces and Automated Command Systems of the LSK and LV troops were set up on the basis of the Air Force Chair . The teaching command post of the section was subordinated to the latter chair, which in the following years was further developed into the Integrated Management and Training Complex (IFTK) and became the center of practical tactical training and research.

Personal development

With regard to the personnel structure, the teaching staff was primarily oriented towards a consistently high level of practical relevance in the training. To this end, regular internships for training officers of at least two months were carried out from 1971 onwards, as well as increased participation of training officers and officers' listeners in military exercises.

Based on developments in civil higher education, new, more creative training methods were used. The scientific-productive study, which was also followed by the other sections of the military academy, was of particular importance in the section.

Scientific and productive study

The scientific-productive course was based on the premise that modern academic training and further education could not primarily only be realized through the transfer of knowledge and knowledge testing, but rather the progressive practical acquisition of the necessary working methods, the scientific-productive, result-oriented design and independent scientific work Must have a basis. It further shaped the scientific quality in the work of commanders and officers in prominent staff assignments.

The highest forms were the research study, the direct involvement of the officers' listeners in the research work of the chairs and the solving of research tasks in the interests of the troops with results that could then be passed on to the LSK / LV command and the combat units . This included a system of independent scientific work up to the diploma thesis and in individual cases up to the transfer to an apprenticeship .

The method of the so-called graphodynamic simulation of combat actions and the system of group exercises, war games and command staff exercises formed the essential basis for the development of practical abilities and skills and the implementation of the knowledge gained . For this purpose, scientific consultations took place regularly in the chairs, in which the research results were presented with the participation of representatives of the troops.

Simulation of the fighting

The simulation of combat actions was one of the most effective methods of training officers' listeners, not only in their ability to conduct combat, but also in training their tactical thinking. The teaching staff was also able to gain further qualifications using this method and gain new knowledge and research results. The essence of the simulation consisted in determining the effectiveness of combat actions not only on the basis of the probability calculation and the derivation of the mathematical expectation of the number of destroyed air targets , the important aspects of the combat such as its uniqueness, its two-sidedness, the dynamics and the mutual dependence of many Factors neglected, but rather to determine the effectiveness of actions through the analysis of models of the battle.

This method was a fundamental training and research method in the LSK / LV section. It was further developed in all chairs of the section over various stages for graphodynamic simulation and finally perfected for computer dynamic simulation of air raids and air defense as a real-time process in the 1980s.

Only the computer-dynamic simulation in real time made it possible to use the entire range of instruments for training in conducting combat with the "immediate results" from the reality of the model.

The progress of information technology was the decisive prerequisite for the trainees to create a substitute practice and a model reality. On this basis, it became possible to use the methods for simulating the combat actions in continuously improved development stages in group exercises and war games and to reflect the dynamics of the battle, including its likely results in the individual episodes, as well as the influence of the commander on its course in real time.

This sophisticated method was also used by the JFK / LV chair for the practical training of officers' listeners on real command posts of the fighter pilot's associations. For the training at the military academy, an equivalent basis was gradually developed from the teaching command post of the section in the form of an "integrated leadership and training complex". In the early 1980s, the large-scale research project “Integrated Management and Training Complex of the LSK / LV Section” (IFTK) was conceived.

The IFTK was created as a complex in the cooperation of all chairs of the section, which integrated all participating branches of arms and services, several management levels and the actions of the air enemy. For this purpose, a philosophy of the overall model, extensive software for all elementary processes and their links, and a sophisticated material basis had to be developed.

The research work in all chairs was mainly focused on this project with dissertations and diploma theses. The IFTK was to be created as an independent PC-based IT architecture with the involvement of qualified officers and students from the TU Dresden .

Since 1983/84, more than 100 students and scientists from the LSK / LV section as well as diploma students and interns from the computer science section of the TU Dresden have been constantly involved.

On the software side, an all-encompassing knowledge base had to be created as the core of the computer-aided system. The knowledge required for this, which has so far been accumulated and stored in scientific work of all kinds, in catalogs, card indexes, tables, overviews, graphics, etc. in decades of research in the individual specialist areas, has been widely implemented in databases. The totality of the simulation models was integrated into this knowledge base, in which the elementary laws are reflected, to which the actions and behavior of the forces involved in the combat or combat actions of the opposing air attack and their own air defense in the air and on the ground are subject.

Models for the simulation of planned, ordered or resulting from the development of the situation actions and behavior of the air defense forces in the air and on the ground were already available.

Together with the hardware configuration and the modernized equipment of the teaching command post, it finally succeeded in moving from graphodynamic simulation - which did not lose its importance in training and research - to computer dynamic simulation. This made it possible to simulate the action in quasi real time. The effectiveness and effectiveness of training in exercises and war games increased.

In addition, a high-quality, high-performance research base was created, with the help of which valuable knowledge could be obtained, especially in research command staff exercises. The research project was conceived until 1991, so that at the time of the dissolution of the NVA not all stages of development had been completed. The IT architecture was also designed to be modular, complex and redundant, so that it was flexible and expandable at any time. All of these projects ended with the dissolution of the NVA in 1990.

resolution

In 1990 the LSK / LV section comprised eight chairs:

  • LS-301 LV fighter pilots (Colonel Wolfgang Demmer)
  • LS-302 anti-aircraft missile troops of the LV (Colonel Johannes Schmalfuß)
  • LS-303 radio technical troops of the LV (Colonel Erich Wöbke)
  • LS-304 rear services of the LV (Colonel Werner Dienel)
  • LS-305 Tactics of higher associations of the LV (Colonel Jörg Knie)
  • LS-306 Army Air Force (Colonel Heinz Reiche)
  • LS-307 Front Air Force (Colonel Jürgen Dienewald)
  • LS-308 LV management systems (Colonel Heinz Janka)

With the decommissioning of the NVA in 1990, teaching and research were discontinued and the LSK / LV section was dissolved in the course of the winding up of the military academy. The legal successor was the Bundeswehr Command East of the Bundeswehr . The departure of the staff took place decentrally in the individual chairs. The handover of the material basis of the section and its final dissolution were in the hands of Colonel Heinz Hobiger.

guide

commander
Deputy for training
  • Lieutenant Colonel Boldt, Colonel Helmut Sommerfeld, Colonel Weißleder, Colonel Erhard Reichelt, Colonel Siegfried Düring.
Deputy for research
  • Colonel Günter Bielig, Colonel Rolf Lehmann, Colonel Jürgen Weith, Colonel Friedemann Beer.

Well-known graduates

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Jahn, Roland Jäntsch, Siegfried Heinze: Military Academy "Friedrich Engels" - historical outline. Military Publishing House of the GDR (VEB), Berlin 1988.
  • Wolfgang Demmer, Eberhard Haueis: Military Academy "Friedrich Engels" 1959 to 1990. A documentation. (Ed.) Dresdener Studiengemeinschaft Security Policy , DSS working papers , 95 (special edition), Dresden 2008, ISSN (online) 1436–6010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-321551
  • Klaus Kürbis, Werner Scholz: Working documents on the development of the military engineering faculty / section, on the training program and on research.
  • Collective of authors: Chronicle of the FRT / LV chair, Dresden 2019. Location: Bundeswehr Information Center, Strausberg Military Library.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Froh, Rüdiger Wenzke: The generals and admirals of the NVA. A biographical manual. 4th edition. Ch. Links, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-86153-209-3

Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 53.9 ″  N , 13 ° 45 ′ 16.5 ″  E