Mitragyna hirsuta

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Mitragyna hirsuta
Systematics
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Red family (Rubiaceae)
Subfamily : Cinchonoideae
Tribe : Naucleeae
Genre : Mitragyna
Type : Mitragyna hirsuta
Scientific name
Mitragyna hirsuta
Havil.

Mitragyna hirsuta is a plant from the genus mitragyna in the family of the Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). The distribution area extends from the Chinese province of Yunnan via Vietnam , Laos , Myanmar to Cambodia and Thailand .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Mitragyna hirsuta grows as a deciduous, small tree that reaches heights of up to 20 meters, but rarely exceeds heights of 10 meters. The trunk reaches chest height diameter (DBH) of 20 centimeters. The outer bark is initially yellowish-green, later gray, pockmarked, it separates in scales and there are lenticels . The inner bark is salmon-colored. The sapwood is white. The bark of the stalk-round or angular branches is densely downy hairy to balding and there are lenticels. The vegetative terminal bud is egg-shaped to elliptical and somewhat flattened in outline.

The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The bald to densely hairy flower stalk is 5, usually 15 to 30 millimeters long. The simple, parchment-like leaf blade is usually 10 to 18 (8 to 30) centimeters long and usually 4 to 12 (2 to 20) centimeters wide, broadly ovoid or almost circular to broadly elliptical or ovate with rounded or broad blunt to heart-shaped, rarely wedge-shaped base and rounded to pointed upper end. The upper side of the leaf is bare and the underside is sparsely to densely hairy or rarely balding. The six to twelve pairs of lateral nerves are expanded (the angle between the midrib and the lateral nerves is 15 to 45 °). There are sparsely to densely hairy domatia in the branches of the leaf veins on the underside of the leaf. On the outside and sometimes on the keel, and the nervous fluffy hairy stipules are keeled at a length of 10 to 20 mm and a width of 8 to 15 millimeters elliptically of oblong to oval with blunt to rounded upper end and a little.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period takes place in China from June to July and in December. The terminally on repeatedly branched side branches, densely downy hairy, umbrella-like to pseudo-dodol-like inflorescences each consist of mostly 7 to 15 (5 to 30) sessile partial inflorescences . The spherical partial inflorescences have a diameter of about 10 millimeters measured over the calyx and a diameter of 20 to 30 millimeters measured over the flower crowns. The bare to sparse fluffy hairy and / or bewimpterten cover sheets are at a length of 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters linear to linear-spatulate and ends at approximately the same length as the cup cloth.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five bare sepals are fused. The five bald to sparsely hairy calyx lobes are ascending in the open flower and with a length of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters obverse-lanceolate to spatula-shaped or linear to linear-spatula-shaped, with entire margins to ciliate. The corolla is bald on the outside and densely hairy on the inside. The five more or less light yellow petals , which later often turn orange-yellow, are fused. With a length of 5 to 6 millimeters, the corolla tube is plate-shaped to narrow-funnel-shaped. The five corolla lobes are narrow-elliptical with a length of 2 to 2.5 millimeters with a pointed upper end. There is a circle with five fertile stamens . The stamens are short to almost sessile. The spread out anthers are 1.5 to 2 millimeters long and tower above the crown throat. Two carpels are to a two-chambered, 1 to 2 millimeters high, bare ovary grown. There are many ovules per ovary chamber , which are arranged on a fleshy hanging placenta in the upper third of the septum. The stylus ends in a 1 to 2 millimeter long scar that protrudes over the corolla tube 5 to 6 millimeters.

The fruits ripen in Yunnan in April or December. The fruit stand is spherical with a diameter of 15 to 20 millimeters. The bald capsule fruit is 5 to 8 millimeters long, contains many seeds and is crowned by the durable calyx. The seeds are relatively small with a length of about 1 millimeter and winged at both ends.

ingredients

The leaves of Mitragyna hirsuta contain, according to Brown et al. 2017 the alkaloids : mitraphylline , iso-mitraphylline, iso-mitraphylline N-oxide, rhynchophylline , iso-rhynchophylline, iso- pteropodine , iso- mitraphyllinol , hirsutein and mitrajavine.

Taxonomy

The first description of Mitragyna hirsuta was in 1897 by George Darby Haviland in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany , Volume 33, Page 72. The type material comes from Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre from 1835 and is labeled Cochin China. Bao Chiang . A synonym for Mitragyna hirsuta Havil. is Paradina hirsuta (Havil.) Pit.

Occurrence

Mitragyna hirsuta common in Vietnam , Laos , Myanmar , Cambodia , Thailand and the Chinese province of Yunnan . In Yunnan, Mitragyna hirsuta thrives in forests at altitudes of 100 to 1500 meters.

use

The wood is used in the home areas of Mitragyna hirsuta . It is felled in natural stands. The hard wood can very well be used as lumber. It is also good firewood.

Mitragyna hirsuta is used in folk medicine. The bark is used. In Laos, a remedy for itchy skin is made from the bark.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Tao Chen, Charlotte M. Taylor: Mitragyna. : Mitragyna hirsuta , p. 219 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q data sheet Mitragyna. In: Christian Puff: Flora of Thailand - Rubiaceae , University of Vienna 2007-2011.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i data sheet with description and detailed photos at BIOTIK .
  4. ^ A b Paula N. Brown, Jensen A. Lund, Susan J. Murch: A botanical, phytochemical and ethnomedicinal review of the genus Mitragyna korth: Implications for products sold as kratom. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology , Volume 202, April 18, 2017, pp. 302-325. doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2017.03.020 full text PDF.
  5. ^ George Darby Haviland, scanned in 1897 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ↑ Mitragyna hirsuta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  7. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Mitragyna hirsuta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  8. ↑ a b data sheet at theferns - Useful Tropical Plants .

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