Mitsubishi SpaceJet
Mitsubishi SpaceJet | |
---|---|
Type: | Twin-engine regional airliner |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
First flight: |
November 11, 2015 |
Commissioning: |
planned for 2021 at the earliest |
Number of pieces: |
6th |
The Mitsubishi Spacejet ( Japanese 三菱スペースジェット Mitsubishi Supēsu Jetto ; until June 2019 Mitsubishi Regional Jet (short MRJ ; Jap. 国産初ジェット旅客機三菱リージョナルジェット Kokusan hatsu jettoryokakuki Mitsubishi rījonarujetto "First domestic jet airliner Mitsubishi Regional Jet")) is a twin-engine regional airliner for 76 to 92 passengers of the Japanese aircraft manufacturer Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation , a joint venture of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Toyota , Sumitomo and Mitsui . The Mitsubishi SpaceJet competes with the Embraer E-Jets , the Comac ARJ21 , the Suchoi Superjet 100 and the Airbus A220 .
history
The Mitsubishi SpaceJet is the first passenger aircraft developed in Japan since the NAMC YS-11 turboprop aircraft, which was manufactured from 1962 to 1974 . The development of the SpaceJet began in 2003 with a study on behalf of the Japanese Ministry of Economics and Industry METI for a 30- to 50-seat regional jet. The official start of the program for the "Mitsubishi Regional Jets", which has meanwhile increased to 70 to 90 seats, took place on March 28, 2008 following an order from All Nippon Airways from Mitsubishi Aircraft Corp., which was founded in the same year . ( Mitac ). Construction of the first machine began on September 30, 2010 with the production of the horizontal stabilizer. However, the first flight was postponed to the second half of 2015, the first delivery to the first quarter of 2018. The rollout took place on October 18, 2014.
The first flight of the first prototype with the registration number JA21MJ took place on November 11, 2015 from 9:35 a.m. to 11:02 a.m. (local time) and led from Nagoya Airport over the east coast of Japan a little across the Pacific and then back to the departure airport. The two pilots Yoshiyuki Yasumura and Kazuo Toda and three test engineers were on board during the flight. Over 3.2 million viewers followed the take-off and landing live on the Internet.
On October 15, 2015, construction began on the first series aircraft, which was to be delivered to All Nippon Airways in 2018. Due to the program delay that occurred later, however, this copy was used as a test aircraft.
On January 23, 2017, Mitac announced that the commissioning would be delayed by two years from 2018 to 2020 due to necessary changes to the electrical system. According to the company, the regulations for the location of the cables of the fly-by-wire system in the aircraft have been changed, which would have prevented approval by the authorities. The new regulation is the result of a crash of a Boeing 747 in 1996 , in which an exposed cable shorted to another metallic component. Mitac said that when planning the cable system, it was not sufficiently aware of the destination. In January 2018, the necessary adjustments listed were almost complete.
On June 13, 2019, Mitac announced that the project would be renamed from “Mitsubishi Regional Jet” to “Mitsubishi SpaceJet”. The previous version MRJ90 will henceforth be referred to as M90 and will later be further developed into a larger M200 for about 100 passengers. The smaller MRJ70 is being extensively revised and marketed as the M100 .
On June 24, 2019, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Bombardier announced that MHI will take over the entire program of the Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet including approvals, sales and service organization for a better infrastructure for the distribution of the SpaceJet in North America.
List of program delays
Announcement of the delay | old date of commissioning | new date of commissioning | Reason for the delay |
---|---|---|---|
September 9, 2009 | 2013 | first quarter of 2014 | Design changes |
April 25, 2012 | first quarter of 2014 | second half of 2015 | Delays in development and production |
22nd August 2013 | second half of 2015 | second quarter of 2017 | Problems working with suppliers |
December 24, 2015 | second quarter of 2017 | second quarter of 2018 | Rescheduling the approval process |
20th January 2017 | second quarter of 2018 | second quarter of 2020 | Rearrangement of the cable system |
February 6, 2020 | second quarter of 2020 | no earlier than 2021 | Delays in rearranging the cable system |
Flight testing
The test program is expected to include around 3,000 flight hours, of which 1,500 hours were completed by the end of 2017. Much of the flight testing takes place at Grant County International Airport in Moses Lake , where Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation has built a hangar and an engineering center with 150 employees. Four test aircraft were flown to Moses Lake between September 2016 and April 2017.
Test aircraft
- M90
Reg | First flight | Area of responsibility | Remarks | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
N / A | N / A | Break cell for dynamic loads | "Fatigue Test Aircraft" | |
N / A | N / A | Break cell for static loads | "Static Test Aircraft" | |
JA21MJ | November 11, 2015 | First flight, expansion of the flight area |
first test aircraft | |
JA22MJ | May 31, 2016 | Function tests | red ribbon | |
JA23MJ | 22nd November 2016 | Flight characteristics, avionics | ||
black ribbon window (until June 2017) | ||||
All Nippon Airways livery (June 2017 to June 2019) | ||||
SpaceJet livery (since June 2019) | ||||
JA24MJ | September 25, 2016 | Cabin, noise, icing | Original painting | |
JA25MJ | N / A | Soil tests | All Nippon Airways livery | |
JA26MJ | March 18, 2020 | Testing the new fly-by-wire system, series production | SpaceJet livery | |
JA27MJ | N / A | Testing the new fly-by-wire system | is in the final assembly |
- M100
Reg | First flight | Area of responsibility | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
JA28MJ | Approval of the M100 | is in the final assembly |
construction
The Mitsubishi SpaceJet is the first aircraft for which the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G geared turbofan has been selected. In contrast to the original plan, the box spars of the wings are not made of composite materials, but of aluminum alloys. The cockpit is equipped with the Pro-Line-Fusion system from Rockwell Collins with four 36 × 28 cm screens. The aircraft is controlled by a fly-by-wire system.
variants
After almost 2 decades of development and several years of delay in the market launch, the previous Mitsubishi Regional Jet project was renamed Mitsubishi SpaceJet in June 2019 . Mitac, like Embraer with the E175-E2, had wrongly expected that the Scope Clauses would be relaxed in the USA . The most common restrictions (takeoff weight max. 39 t, max. 76 passengers) could not have complied with the MRJ90 or the MRJ70 would only have been able to use the MRJ70 in narrow 1-class seating . However, more than 70% of the firm orders and 85% of the options came from the USA and are subject to these provisions. Mitac then revised the designs and presented them as SpaceJet M90 , M100 and M200 .
The planned MRJ70 should come on the market in 2022 and should be replaced by the M100 . The MRJ70 was planned for 76 passengers.
The M90 (formerly MRJ90 ) is the furthest advanced in the approval process and can be used well outside the USA; it should be approved and then delivered at the earliest in 2021. The M200 variant (formerly MRJ100X ) for approx. 100 passengers will later be developed from it.
The M100 is an M70 that has been lengthened by 1.1 m ; the cabin is also being lengthened by another 0.5 m at the expense of the cargo hold, in order to create space for two additional rows of seats. Under the restrictions of the Scope Clauses, the maximum number of seats allowed can also be offered in 3-class seating. The exits at the front and back of the passenger compartment are connected to the front and rear, followed by the galley and toilets, which enables a space-saving and more flexible design of the cabin. The toilets are sufficiently spacious to allow easy access for wheelchair users. The overhead bins above the seats have been enlarged to accommodate a 58 × 37 × 25 cm wheeled suitcase for each passenger. The passenger saves having to check in the luggage, the airline has to handle the luggage and the cargo space can largely be used for freight. The wings are shorter and, thanks to smaller winglets, also lighter. The reduced wingspan allows for flights to Aspen Airport. More lightweight construction material (CFRP and lithium-aluminum alloys) is used than on the M90 and in the further development process up to 15% weight is to be saved on some structural parts (e.g. wing boxes ). This means that an M100 fully occupied with 76 passengers will still have a range of 2800 kilometers if the scope restrictions are observed.
In May 2020, MHI announced that development of the M100 would be stopped for the time being due to the COVID-19 pandemic and that the focus would be on the approval of the M90 .
Orders
date | airline | Orders | Options | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
March 27, 2008 | All Nippon Airways | 15th | 10 | Delivery from 2021 at the earliest |
17th July 2012 | SkyWest Airlines | 100 | 100 | Delivery from 2022 at the earliest |
July 14, 2014 | Air Mandalay | 6th | 4th | |
August 28, 2014 | J-Air | 32 | - | Delivery planned from 2024 |
February 16, 2016 | Aerolease Aviation | 10 | 10 | Delivery from 2021 at the earliest |
July 12, 2016 | Rockton | 10 | 10 | Delivery planned from 2023 |
total | 173 | 134 |
Cancellations
Order date | airline | Orders | Options | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
June 16, 2011 | ANI Group Holdings | 5 | - | only letter of intent , canceled in May 2013 |
July 14, 2014 | Eastern Air Lines | 20th | 20th | canceled by successor Swift Air in January 2018 |
December 27, 2010 | Trans States Airlines | 50 | 50 | canceled in October 2019 due to program delays |
total | 75 | 40 |
Technical specifications
Parameter | M90 (MRJ 90) | M100 |
---|---|---|
First flight | November 11, 2015 | ? |
Commissioning | around 2020 | approx. 2024 |
length | 35.8 m | 34.5 m |
Wingspan | 29.2 m | 27.8 m |
height | 10.3 m | |
Trunk width | 2.96 m | |
Cabin width | 2.76 m | |
Cabin height | 2.02 m | |
Passenger capacity | 76-92 | Max. 88 84 @ 79 cm USA: 76 (12 @ 91 cm, 12 @ 84 cm, 52 @ 76 cm) |
Freight volume | 18.2 m³ | 13.6 m³ |
Empty mass | 21,700 kg | N / A |
Fuel capacity | 12,100 l | |
Max. Takeoff mass ( MTOM ) | 42,800 kg | 42,000 kg USA: 39,008 kg |
Max. Landing mass | 38,000 kg | 36,200 kg |
Engine types | 2 × Pratt & Whitney PW1217G | |
Thrust | 2 × 78.2 kN / 17,600 lb f | |
Maximum speed | Mach 0.82 | |
Cruising speed | Mach 0.78 | |
Service ceiling | 11,900 m | |
Max. Range | 3,770 km | 3,540 km USA: 2,800 km |
Takeoff route | 1,740 m | 1,760 m USA: 1,550 m |
Landing route | 1,480 m | 1,550 m |
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b aero.de - Mitsubishi postpones SpaceJet until 2021 , accessed on February 8, 2020
- ↑ China Economic Net "Toyota to sink $ 67.2 mln in Mitsubishi passenger jet" (May 23, 2008)
- ↑ Flight International October 28, 2014, p. 39, accessed June 2, 2015
- ↑ spiegel.de: New passenger jet “Made in Japan”: Successful maiden flight. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
- ↑ aero.de: Mitsubishi postpones MRJ first flight. Retrieved October 21, 2019 .
- ↑ Flight International October 28, 2014, p. 38, accessed June 2, 2015
- ↑ FAZ.net: Aviation Industry: Japan's new passenger plane takes off on its maiden flight. November 11, 2015, accessed November 11, 2015 .
- ↑ MRJ, 初 飛行 成功 離 陸 の 瞬間 「飛 び た い と 言 っ て い る よ う だ っ た」 at aviationwire.jp (Japanese), accessed November 11, 2015
- ↑ MRJ Newsletter Vol. 6 , accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ a b Mitsubishi Aircraft postpones start again , NZZ , January 24, 2017 and http://www.flythemrj.com/news/date/news_170123.html accessed on January 23, 2017
- ↑ Mitsubishi Heavy Industries press conference on January 23, 2017 (Japanese), accessed January 30, 2017
- ↑ Japan jet may not make money, but aims to revive dormant industry , accessed April 28, 2017
- ↑ MRJ Program Nears Completion Of Redesign , accessed January 27, 2018
- ↑ a b cdn.hubspot.net - Introducing Mitsubishi SpaceJet , accessed June 15, 2019
- ↑ Mitsubishi to acquire regional jet business from Bombardier on June 26, 2019 (accessed September 17, 2019)
- ↑ flythemrj.com - MRJ 最新 状況 説明 会 ( Memento from June 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ flythemrj.com - MRJ ス ケ ジ ュ ー ル の 見 直 し に つ い て ( Memento from June 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ flythemrj.com - MRJ の 開 発 ス ケ ジ ュ ー ル に つ い て ( Memento from February 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ flythemrj.com - MRJ 開 発 状況 に つ い て ( Memento from February 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 2017: A Year of Progress for the MRJ , accessed on January 27, 2018
- ↑ MRJ, 3 号 機 が 米 国 到 着 4 機 で 飛行 試 験, 5 号 機 は 設計 変 更 用 に (Japanese), accessed April 28, 2017
- ↑ Sebastian Steinke: SpaceJet FTV10 completes first flight. In: Flugrevue.de. March 18, 2020, accessed March 18, 2020 .
- ↑ sky-budget.com - 三菱 航空 機 、 飛行 試 験 機 SpaceJet M90 (JA26MJ) の 完成 を 発 表 (Japanese), accessed February 8, 2020
- ↑ MRJ, パ リ 航空 シ ョ ー で 地上 展示 へ (Japanese), accessed April 28, 2017
- ↑ Flight International : "Pratt & Whitney Geared Turbofan engine selected to power Mitsubishi Regional Jet" (September 10, 2007)
- ↑ Mitac: The Mitsubishi Spacejet Family. Retrieved October 21, 2019 .
- ↑ Leehamnews.com: How Mitsubishi Aircraft morphed the MRJ70 into the M100 SpaceJet. June 13, 2019, accessed October 21, 2019 .
- ↑ flightglobal.com - Mitsubishi to halve SpaceJet budget, review M100 development , accessed on May 13, 2020
- ↑ All Nippon Airways: "ANA Selects Mitsubishi Regional Jet" (March 27, 2008)
- ↑ SkyWest Firms Order For 100 Mitsubishi Regional Jets
- ↑ Air Mandalay Signs Definitive Agreement for Purchase of up to Ten MRJ Aircraft , accessed on July 13, 2016
- ↑ E190 and MRJ to form J-Air's core fleet , accessed June 8, 2016
- ^ Aerolease Aviation signs LOI with Mitsubishi Aircraft for purchase of up to 20 MRJ , accessed on July 13, 2016
- ↑ Order of 10 MRJ90s - First success for Mitsubishi in Europe , on aerotelegraph.com, accessed on July 12, 2016
- ^ Paris 2011: Mitsubishi Lands Third Customer for MRJ , accessed January 27, 2018
- ↑ Mitsubishi and ANI cancel MOU for MRJs , accessed January 27, 2018
- ^ Eastern Air Lines confirms MRJ purchase , accessed January 27, 2018
- ↑ Eastern Air Lines cancels order for 20 MRJs , accessed on January 27, 2018
- ↑ SkyWest, Trans States continue waiting out MRJ delays , accessed June 8, 2016
- ↑ mitsubishiaircraft.com - Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Statement: Cancellation of Trans States Holdings Contract , accessed October 31, 2019