Musk herb

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Musk herb
Musk herb (Adoxa moschatellina)

Musk herb ( Adoxa moschatellina )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Musk herb family (Adoxaceae)
Genre : Adoxa
Type : Musk herb
Scientific name
Adoxa moschatellina
L.

The musk herb ( Adoxa moschatellina ) or muskrat is a species of the musk herb family ( Adoxaceae ). It is not uncommon in the deciduous forests of the northern hemisphere . It is a typical spring plant that sprouts as early as February and retreats again between May and June.

In addition, the following names are or were used for musk herb, sometimes only regionally: Besmetblüema ( Aargau ), Rush foot ( Alsace ), Rush herbs ( Silesia ), Moschatelle , forest smoke (Alsace) and rue .

description

Musk herb ( Adoxa moschatellina ) illustration
Whole plant
Rhizome with tooth-like lower leaves
Habit with unripe fruits lying on the ground

Habit and leaf

The musk herb is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 15 cm. It is a geophyte and forms a rhizome as a persistence organ. The units of survival are hibernacles - winter buds of the thickened ends of short-lived runners, as well as underground, monopodially branched runners . The horizontally creeping rhizome is covered with white fleshy lower leaves. At the end of the growing season it thickens in a bulbous manner. The propagation usually takes place vegetatively via the runners-like rhizomes, whereby the connection to the mother plant breaks off in the first winter.

Most of the leaves are basal and double three-part with a 4.5 to 11.0 cm long petiole. The partial leaves of the first order are long stalked and their three leaflets are sometimes only deeply split. The second-order partial leaves are short stalked and their three leaflets are divided again. On the bare and always unbranched stalk, there are exactly two opposite leaves that are simply fingered in three parts. At most the middle finger is a little split.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The inflorescence consists of a single, terminal, cube-shaped, small head with a flower on the top and one on each of the four sides. The edge length of the cube is about 1 cm. The hermaphrodite flowers are four or five-fold. The upper flower has two sepals and four petals . The four lateral flowers have three sepals and five petals. The petals have a yellowish-green or pale green color. There is only a circle with four or five stamens , these are split into two parts almost to the base. The flowering period extends from March to May. The female flower organs become fertile either before the male ( protogyny ) or simultaneously with the male ( homogamy ). The flowers give off nectar via multicellular glandular hairs, pollination mostly takes place by flies, self-pollination is possible.

The fruit cluster grows on a spirally rolled stalk and is prostrate when the fruit is ripe. It is probable that the seeds themselves spread, but also that the seeds spread through ants, snails, which ingest the seeds and release them with the faeces, and birds. The stone fruits are small and smell of strawberries. The strongly elongated calyx tips and the style are retained on the fruit. Each fruit contains four to five flat seeds 3 to 3.5 mm long.

The species chromosome number is 2n = 36.

Occurrence

The musk herb occurs in deciduous forests and bushes throughout the temperate northern hemisphere. It needs fresh, moist and nutrient-rich soil and loves forests with heavy herbaceous growth. It is a Fagetalia order character in Central Europe.

In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part of the Gehrenjoch on the Gehrenspitze up to 1860 m above sea level.

Systematics

The musk herb ( Adoxa moschatellina ) is a member of the genus Adoxa in the musk herb family (Adoxaceae). It was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, Page 367 . Synonyms for Adoxa moschatellina L. include Adoxa inodora ( Falc. Ex CBClarke ) Nepomn. and Adoxa moschatellina var. inodora Falc. ex CBClarke . The generic name Adoxa is derived from the Greek word adoxos , which means inconspicuous. The specific epithet moschatellina refers to the musky scent of the plant

swell

literature

  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , pp. 34-35.
  • Yasin J. Nasir: Flora of Pakistan 151: Adoxaceae . Department of Botany, University of Karachi u. a., Karachi et al. a. 1983, OCLC 174168218 , p. 1 (English, online ).
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 , p. 803.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name after Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Lexicon of Plants in Germany , p. 34 and Adler, Oswald, Fischer: Exkursionsflora von Österreich , p. 803
  2. ^ German name after Adler, Oswald, Fischer: Exkursionsflora von Österreich , p. 803
  3. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Lexicon of Plants in Germany , p. 34
  4. ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , Verlag von Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 11
  5. ^ Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, 20th edition 2011, pages 756, 25 ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3
  6. ↑ Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany , p. 35
  7. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 879. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  8. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 529.
  9. ^ Adoxa moschatellina. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed February 23, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Stockholm 1753, p. 367 ( online - Adoxa moschatellina scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  11. ^ Adoxa moschatellina. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 23, 2013 .
  12. ^ Dietrich, Heinrich: Frühblüher from Jena , EchinoMedia Verlag, 1st edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-937107-15-8 , page 122ff

Web links

Commons : Musk herb ( Adoxa moschatellina )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files