Wire bushes
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The wire bushes or Muehlenbeckia ( Muehlenbeckia ) are a genus of plants within the knotweed family (Polygonaceae). The 22 to 23 species are common in New Guinea , Australia , New Zealand and the Neotropics .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Wire shrub species are small, more or less upright or prostrate, climbing, very densely branched, deciduous shrubs . There are rhizomes formed. The bark of the thin twigs is dark and glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillary .
The mostly relatively small, alternately arranged leaves are usually divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is linear to circular, counter-shaped or triangular-lanceolate. The leaf margin is smooth or irregularly wavy. The ochrea usually falls off early, sometimes it is durable and parchment-like. The stipules are small. There are extra-floral nectaries .
Generative characteristics
The flowers are terminal or lateral in short clusters or spike-like inflorescences .
Wire bush species have hermaphroditic flowers or there is a subdiocyte , in which case hermaphroditic and unisexual flowers occur on one plant specimen.
The flowers are small and inconspicuous. The simple, whitish green bloom consists of five intergrown bloom cladding sheets. Male flowers usually have eight, rarely nine stamens with stamens that are free but fused with the base of the inflorescence and yellow or pink to purple, egg-shaped to elliptical anthers . Female flowers have three short, spread-out styles and rudimentary stamens.
The triangular, 2 to 3 millimeters large, when ripe black or dark brown, wingless, bald achenes are partially or completely enclosed by the fleshy, white or reddish-purple to almost black flower envelope. The embryo is straight.
The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Muehlenbeckia was established by Karl Friedrich Meisner . The generic name Muehlenbeckia honors the Alsatian doctor and botanist Gustav Mühlenbeck (1798–1845). The type species is Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn. Synonyms for Muehlenbeckia Meisn. are: Calacinum Raf. , Karkinetron Raf. , Sarcogonum G.Don .
The genus Muehlenbeckia belongs to the subfamily Polygonoideae within the family of Polygonaceae .
The genus Muehlenbeckia is distributed in New Guinea , Australia , New Zealand and in Central and South America .
The genus includes 22 or 23 species. Here is a selection:
- Muehlenbeckia astonii Petrie : It occurs in New Zealand.
- Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn. : It occurs in New South Wales and New Zealand.
- Black-fruited wire shrub ( Muehlenbeckia axillaris (Hook. F.) Walp. ): It occurs in New Zealand.
- Muehlenbeckia complexa (A. Cunn.) Meisn. : It is originally found in New Zealand and is a neophyte in California and the Azores.
- Muehlenbeckia ephedroides (Hook. F.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
- Muehlenbeckia hastulata (Sm.) IMJohnst. (Syn .: Muehlenbeckia chilensis Meisn. ): It occurs in Argentina and Chile . She is a neophyte in California.
- Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F.Muell.) Meisn. (Some authors put it in its own genus: Homalocladium platycladum (F.Muell.) LHBailey ): It is originally found in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands . It is a neophyte in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Peru.
- Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia Meisn. : It occurs in Bolivia , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay and Argentina .
- Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn. (Syn .: Muehlenbeckia peruviana Meisn. ): It occurs in Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras , Costa Rica , Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina.
use
Some wire bush species are used for extensive plantings in rock gardens .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 425.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Craig C. Freeman: Muehlenbeckia - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 .
- ^ Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Muehlenbeckia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Web links
- Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Muehlenbeckia at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Datasheet Muehlenbeckia at Australian Plant Census = APC, 2017. IBIS database, of the Center for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria.