Mulayam Singh Yadav

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Mulayam Singh Yadav (2012)

Mulayam Singh Yadav ( Hindi मुलायम सिंह यादव , born November 22, 1939 in the village of Saifai, Etawah district , then United Provinces in British India , now Uttar Pradesh , India ) is an Indian politician of the Samajwadi Party . He was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh three times (1989–91, 1993–95 and 2003–07), and Indian Defense Minister from 1996 to 1998.

biography

Origin, education and family

Yadav was born in a small village in northern India. His family comes from the Yadav caste, which is numerous and influential in northern India . After attending school, he graduated from the local KK College in his hometown of Etawah, the AK College in Shikohabad and the BR College of the University of Agra . He holds a BA , BT and a Master of Arts (MA) degree in Political Science . Yadav married Malti Devi, with whom he had a son, Akhilesh Yadav (* 1973). The birth of the child was obviously fraught with complications and Yadav's wife has since been severely impaired (possibly due to hypoxic brain damage ) and ultimately died of the sequelae in 2003. Mulayam Singh Yadav later remarried (the date of the marriage is unknown to the public). His second wife, Sadhna Yadav, brought a son, Prateek Yadav , into the marriage from a previous marriage that was divorced in 1990 .

Political activities until 1992

Yadav became politically active in the regional policy of Uttar Pradesh from the 1960s. He was involved in the left political spectrum and was elected in 1967 as a member of the Samyukta Socialist Party (United Socialist Party) in the constituency of Jaswantnagar in the parliament of Uttar Pradesh. After the death of party leader Ram Manohar Lohia in 1967, Yadav joined the Bharatiya Kranti Dal (BKD, "Indian Revolutionary Party") founded by Chaudhary Charan Singh , a dissident of the Congress Party. In 1974 he was re-elected to the parliament of Uttar Pradesh for the BKD in the same constituency. Like many other socialist politicians, he was imprisoned for 19 months during the state of emergency in India from 1975 to 1977. In 1977 he was elected to the parliament of Uttar Pradesh for the newly founded Janata Party in the constituency of Jaswantnagar . In the following decades he was re-elected several times to the regional parliament of Uttar Pradesh (1985, 1989 and 1991 in the constituency of Jaswantnagar , 1993 in the constituency of Shikohabad , 1996 in the constituency of Sahaswan and 2007 in the constituency of Gunnaur ). From the parliamentary elections in 1996 he was a member of parliament in the all-India parliament, the Lok Sabha for the constituencies of Mainpuri (1996, 2004 and 2009 ), Sambhal ( 1998 and 1999 ), and Azamgarh ( 2014 ).

After the Janata Party collapsed in 1978-79, he joined the Lok Dal (LKD), one of the successor parties. In 1988 the LKD merged with other parties to form the Janata Dal and Yadav became the regional youth party leader in Uttar Pradesh. After the JD won the Uttar Pradesh parliamentary election in 1989, Yadav became the state's chief minister . He was in office from December 5, 1989 to January 24, 1991. In 1990 the Janata Dal began to split up into various factions and later parties ( "Janata parivar parties" ). Mulayam Yadav initially joined the Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) led by Chandra Shekhar . In 1991, as Chief Minister, he won the sympathy of many Muslim voters when he ended a pilgrimage of radical Hindu pilgrims to the Babri Mosque in Uttar Pradesh on October 30, 1990 with massive police operations.

Founding of the Samajwadi Party in 1992 and further development

The 1991 parliamentary election in Uttar Pradesh was won by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Yadav lost his post as Chief Minister. In 1992 Yadav finally founded his own party, the Samajwadi Party (roughly: "Socialist Party"), whose party chair he has held ever since. The party pursues a moderate socialist program and relies primarily on three groups of voters in Uttar Pradesh, the Hindu caste of the Yadavs, the so-called Other Backward Classes (other underprivileged sections of the population) and the Muslims who are relatively strong in Uttar Pradesh . The main rival of the Samajwadi Party since these years has been the Bahujan Samaj Party under its party leader Mayawati , which primarily focused on the electoral potential of the Dalits . After the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya , the then Indian Prime Minister Rao deposed the BJP-led regional government of Uttar Pradesh and placed the state under president's rule . New elections followed in 1993, in which Mulayam Yadav's new party won 109 of 422 constituencies, making it the second largest party. Yadav then served from December 5, 1993 to June 3, 1995 as Chief Minister of a minority government in Uttar Pradesh, which was supported by the Congress Party and the Janata Dal. In 1995 the alliance broke up, new elections took place and Yadav was voted out of office as Chief Minister. Mayawati was his successor.

After no clear majorities had emerged in the all-India election in 1996, a multi-party coalition of various left and regional parties , the United Front , was formed, which Yadav's Samajwadi Party also joined. Yadav served as Indian Defense Minister from June 1, 1996 to March 19, 1998 under the two Prime Ministers Deve Gowda and Indian Kumar Gujral .

In the parliamentary elections in Uttar Pradesh in 2003, the Samajwadi Party won 143 of 403 seats and Yadav served as Chief Minister for a third time from August 29, 2003 to May 11, 2007, after the coalition of Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party and the BJP had previously broken up .

Family turmoil

Since the parliamentary elections in Uttar Pradesh in 2012, Yadav's son Akhilesh Yadav has been Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Critics have pointed to the great influence of the Yadav family clan in the Samajwadi Party. This is in part almost a "family business". All five SP MPs elected in the 2014 general election were members of Mulayam Yadav's broader family.

Overall, the 2014 Indian parliamentary elections were extremely disappointing for the Samajwadi Party. Of the 80 constituencies of Uttar Pradesh, 71 went to the BJP. After the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav publicly criticized his son's policies. There was a growing rift between father and son, which finally culminated in the former excluding his son, the incumbent Chief Minister, from the Samajwadi Party on December 30, 2016. Mulayam's cousin Ramgopal Yadav was also excluded. A day later, however, Mulayam withdrew the exclusions from the party. As a result, on January 1, 2016, the son convened an extraordinary meeting of delegates, from which he was elected by a large majority as the new party chairman. His father, the previous chairman, was given an honorary position as the party's “supreme mentor” with largely only ceremonial powers.

Corruption allegations and investigations from 2007 to 2013

On March 1, 2007, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) opened an official investigation against Yadav on suspicion of unlawful enrichment and corruption in the office. Yadav was accused of having unexplained large possessions ( "disproportionate assets" ) and of having illegally appropriated a total of 100 crore rupees between 1999 and 2005, essentially during his time as Chief Minister. Yadav dismissed the allegations as inaccurate and accused his opponents of conducting a political smear campaign against him. After a lengthy investigation, the CBI abandoned the investigation in September 2013 after Yadav was able to provide sound justifications for his possessions in the eyes of the investigators.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mulayam Singh Yadav. india.gov.in, accessed April 9, 2016 .
  2. ↑ a b c Neha Dixit: Everybody's Brother Akhilesh Yadav in the family business. The Caravan, September 1, 2015, accessed April 9, 2016 .
  3. ↑ a b Election Results - Full Statistical Reports. Indian Election Commission, accessed on April 9, 2016 (English, election results of all Indian elections to the Lok Sabha and the parliaments of the states since independence).
  4. ^ A b Sudha Pai: Political Process in Uttar Pradesh: Identity, Economic Reforms, and Governance. Pearson Education India; 1st edition (December 1, 2007). ISBN 8131707970 . P. 174
  5. ↑ 1990 decision to order firing on 'kar sevaks' painful, Mulayam Singh Yadav says. The Times of India, July 16, 2013, accessed April 9, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Shyamlal Yadav, Shyamlal Yadav: The Samajwadi Parivar. The Indian Express, March 7, 2012, accessed April 9, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Subhash Mishra: Samajwadi Party has 5 MPs out of 80 from UP, all from 'family'. The Times of India, March 28, 2016, accessed March 9, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Indian politician Akhilesh Yadav sacked by his father Mulayam. BBC News, December 30, 2016, accessed January 16, 2017 .
  9. ^ Vikas Pandey: Father v son: The Yadav family drama gripping Indian politics. January 3, 2017, accessed January 16, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Utkarsh Anand: Disproportionate attention. The Indian express, September 14, 2015, accessed April 9, 2016 .
  11. ↑ CBI to close disproportionate assets case against Mulayam in two days. The Indian Express, September 19, 2013, accessed April 9, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Yadav, Mulayam Singh
ALTERNATIVE NAMES मुलायम सिंह यादव (hiS)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Indian politician, founder and chairman of the Samajwadi Party
DATE OF BIRTH November 22, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH Saifai, Etawah District , United Provinces , British India