Rottweil fools guild

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The Rottweil fool's guild is the fool's guild , whose tasks as a non-profit registered association are to preserve the traditions of the carnival and to organize the fool's jumps in Rottweil .

Goal and structure

The main goals of the fool's guild are the preservation and preservation of the traditional Rottweiler Fasnet.

Organs are the board of directors, the committee and the general assembly. The General Assembly elects the Board of Directors and the Committee. Both bodies determine further committees, such as the Fool's Clothing Committee. Anyone who buys a fool's ticket becomes a member of the guild. Membership is limited to one year and can be continued by purchasing a new fool's card.

history

After the word “Fasnet” was first mentioned in a document in Rottweil in 1310, the term “fool's guild” appears for the first time in documents from the 17th century. At the end of the 19th century, the carnival in Rottweil was increasingly shaped by elements of the Rhenish carnival. In the traditional parade of 1902 only about 20 fools took part. As a result, the Rottweil Fools 'Association was founded on October 30, 1903 to maintain the traditional carnival, and on November 20, it took on the traditional name "Rottweil Fools' Guild". The first board member was the glazier Karl Pfister.

On November 16, 1924, the Rottweil fool's guild was one of the 13 founding members who founded the Association of Swabian-Alemannic fools' guilds ( VSAN ). In 1953, the guilds from Rottweil (on August 3, 1953), Elzach (on November 21, 1953) and Überlingen (on December 7, 1953) resigned due to disagreements about the maintenance of the carnival traditions. In 1955, the Villingen Narro Guild resigned . Oberndorf finally followed in 1958. Since 1963 the guilds from Elzach , Überlingen , Oberndorf and Rottweil have formed the Alliance of Four . The first Fool's Day took place in Überlingen in 1958.

Course of the Rottweiler Fasnet

The carnival begins on January 6th with the dusting of the "fool's clothes". To this end, the committee members of the fools' guild in tails and top hats walk through the city center and stop at the "fools' houses" (houses in which people in fools' clothes live) to symbolically free the larvae laid out there from the dust of the previous year. In Rottweil the mask is always called "larva"; the entire fool's dress is called “foolish dress”, not “Scheme” and “Häs” as elsewhere. (See also: Painting a Rottweiler Larva )

The carnival market takes place on the fat Thursday . Schoolchildren in disguise are out and about throughout the day. In the evening, groups move from bar to bar and satirize the city's events.

Proclamation on Shrove Sunday

On Carnival Sunday, the fools' guild takes over the city regiment when proclaiming at 11.45 a.m. in front of the Old Town Hall. In the “Parade for the Fool's Seed”, which is now also called the children's parade, children in traditional Bajass costumes move into the city from the Black Gate. No traditional fool's clothes take part in this parade. Before the parade, the skiers pull through the city in the morning and announce the start of the carnival.

At the carnival Monday at 8:00 am starting Narrensprung . At the stroke of the bell, the fools stream through the Black Gate. A second fool's jump is held on Tuesday morning at the same time, the third on Tuesday afternoon at 2:00 p.m. After the jumps, a fool's game takes place on the streets of Rottweil. The fools run through the streets and tell passers-by. Saying is a form of the fool's right to reprimand. In doing so, they often use a fool's book in which the larger and smaller events from local events in the city since the last carnival are recorded graphically and graphically. The "victims", for whom it is nevertheless an honor to be addressed by a fool, are allowed to "sniff" after they have spoken. The fools carry a box of chocolates or a basket with them, from which the addressees can take a little candy as consolation.

Figures of the Rottweiler Fasnet

Gschell at the historic fool's jump

Gschell (fool)

The Gschellnarr is the classic Rottweiler fool. It is a white fool with a painted linen dress. The linen dress consists of three parts. First there is the hood, which is sewn onto the larva. It was created by the High Middle Ages usual Cowl . Historical heads such as Turkish heads, mascarons or Bacchus heads are painted on the hood . Furthermore, the dress consists of a fool's smock and trousers. On the smock you can find u. a. peasant half-figures, as well as heads from urban life. The trousers consist of a combination of idiosyncratic figures (e.g. woman in old German costume, Mohr ). The Gschell wears a bold-looking, friendly smooth larva and a hood with three foxtails as headgear . There is a wreath braided out of straw-white horsehair over the hood and larva. Two metal mirrors are attached to the Kränzle. The Gschell also always comes with six bell straps, which can be quite heavy.

Bite larva

bite

The bite is also a white fool figure with a painted linen dress. The bite larva shows a stern male face with biting teeth. Unlike the Gschell, the larva is not a smooth larva. The larval types vary from the eighth mouth to the gum bite . The nose of the bite is large and concise. The bite is crowned by a bosom made of rooster feathers, combined with just a fox tail. The painting of the linen clothes can be compared with the Gschell. The same applies to bell straps, wreaths, foulards and fool's sausage. Some bites wear up to eight bell straps. The bite was first mentioned relatively late. The first photographs of this dress are from the years 1860/70. There are no children's bite dresses.

Fringed dress at the historical fool's jump

Fringed dress

The fringed dress is a fool figure strongly influenced by the Baroque and Rococo . It is probably a younger, lighter version of the Gschellnarren. The fringed dress is sometimes also referred to as a woman's dress. It is often forgotten that until after the Second World War it was almost exclusively men who dressed as fools. When council minutes from the 18th century report on women's clothes , the conclusion cannot automatically be drawn that the fringed dress was meant. There is a three-cornered hat on the hood. In contrast to Biss and Gschell, the horsehair rim is black. The whole dress is trimmed with vertical fringes in different colors. Between the fringes there are parallel silver strands. The fringed dress only carries four straps with much smaller sled harness rolls than z. B. at the bell. The fool's sausage is generally darker than that of the white fool.

Schantle

Briekere

The Schantle was originally equipped with a simple burlap suit and broom and was ready for rough deeds. This figure was refined at the end of the 19th century in order to circumvent the Schantle ban. Today the Schantle is equipped with an umbrella or walking stick. There are some special larvae:

  • The so-called "Briekere" ("brieken" Swabian for to cry) shows a crying face. On the last fool's jump on Shrove Tuesday, the Briekere symbolizes that the carnival season is slowly coming to an end.
Ronny's Schantle
  • Ronnys Schantle is also called Prallaug because of his eye-catching eyes. The larva has an attached beard as an additional face ornament and a wound on the left temple, which its original owner is said to have sustained in the Gasthaus zum Kreuz. Ronnys Schantle also keeps the memory of the old Schantle suits alive in a pictorial representation from 1871, the so-called "fool's table".

Federahannes

Little Federahannes

The larva shows a face with curved tusks from the corners of the mouth. He wears a cloak adorned with feathers and a staff with a perfumed calf's tail attached to the end. With this he waves the passers-by in the face. The stick is also used to make the known jumps.

Postage stamp from the German Federal Post Office Federahannes, first issue Feb. 8, 1983

The only Federhannes to whom a name has been assigned is s'Marx-Becka Federahannes . The larva is considered to be one of the most beautiful Rottweiler Federhannes larvae.

Feather larvae from around 1700 often do not have the roll chins typical of the Kleidle. The roll chin is also known as the volute . There is, for example, a larva with a beard painted on instead of the chin.

On February 8, 1983, the Deutsche Bundespost issued a 60- pfennig special stamp for the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival, which shows a Rottweiler Federahannes jumping.

Benner Rössle after the fool's jump

Benner Rössle

The fox without a feather

A total of nine Rössle (steeds, mock horses) are part of the Rottweiler Fasnet. The figure consists of a horse and two drivers who try in a wild imagination to whip the horse's feather off the head.

Old Rottweilers also speak of the Brieler Rössle. The oldest horse is the so-called "Old Schimmel". Another Rössle was made in the last third of the 19th century: “Widmers Fuchs”. Later the "Neue Schimmel" and the "Haller Rössle" as well as other horse dummies were added. Meanwhile there are also several Rössle who are not allowed to take part in the fool's jump, as the fool's guild limited the number of Rössle participating in the jump due to the length of the jump. But these then move through the streets and offer a no less spectacular spectacle. It is also interesting that all of the Rössle are privately owned. How long the team of drivers and Rösslenarr has existed can only be guessed. The historian of Langen already mentioned the Brieler Rössle by name in his Rottweiler town history around 1800.

Schiermaiers Guller

Guller at the fool's jump
Rooster rider on the cheek of the church chair in the Heiligkreuzmünster Rottweil

The Rottweiler Guller ( Swabian for cock ) is a single figure. It depicts a rooster on which a fool is riding. The rooster figure always likes to carry a carnival cake (donut) in its beak. The cock stands for the so-called "lust" of fools. You can often see the Guller pawing at the women and girls standing on the roadside with his feet. The Guller used to be a full body mask without a Guller rider.

The Guller that runs today was only manufactured by Ludwig Sauter in 1956. The unique larva comes from German Burry, who also created many other larvae of the Rottweiler Carnival.

In 1907 four gullers were still running. For various reasons, they can no longer be seen today in the historical fool's leap. One was bought by the Landesmuseum Stuttgart in the 1920s , but fell victim to the bombing in World War II. Also in 1956, the fools' guild sold a Guller to the State Museum in Stuttgart. Another predecessor of the Guller operating today is in the Rottweil City Museum .

Incidentally, a cock rider can also be found on one of the cheekbones of the Heiligkreuzmünster. However, an article by the Rottweiler city archivist does not necessarily declare this portrait to be the direct forefather of the Fasnetsguller.

Fool angel

Fool angel after the jump
Fool angel during the jump

The fool angel is also a single figure who has the task of being the first fool to run through the gate at the fool's jump and to carry the fool's tablet. It is also noticeable that the fool angel does not wear today's Rottweiler city colors black and yellow, but the old imperial city colors red and white. He also wears a red and white sash across his chest . It keeps alive the tradition of the angel society, which, as an institution for unmarried citizens' sons, was the bearer of the imperial city carnival. The Fool Angel is the only Rottweiler carnival figure that has not yet been imitated by other fools guilds. This is understandable, because like none of the other fool figures, his origins are rooted in the life of the Rottweiler craft guilds. After the jump he swaps his fool's table with an umbrella so that he can continue to take part in the street carnival.

Long man and fat woman

Tall man
Fool mother with child (fat woman with child) on the church chair cheek in the Heiligkreuzmünster Rottweil

The long man is also part of the historical inventory of the Rottweiler Fasnet and was revived in the course of the re-establishment of the fools' guild in 1903. Today he and the Tagwachkapelle go through the city early on Carnival Monday to "wake the fools". He is said to have already had this function in the past and woke the residents of Rottweil at the windows of their buildings. Whether he portrays the figure of a fool's father, as one might assume when the Tall Man is out and about with the fool's seed during the fool's leap, remains doubtful. The reduction to a remnant of the carnival phase in the 19th century has also not been clarified. The figure is probably older, at least in terms of the history of ideas.

Fat woman with child

While the Tall Man was restored back then, this was not the case with the Fat Woman. Only recently have attempts been made on a private initiative to reconstruct the fat woman as a complement to the tall man. The fat woman has not yet been recognized by the Rottweil fools' guild as the "original Rottweiler fool's dress" and thus shares the fate of the beggar fool. So the Fat Woman is only allowed to take part in the parade for the Fool Seed on Carnival Sunday, but not in the Fool Jumps together with the Tall Man and the Fool Seed. It is assumed that the mother of fools in the Heiligkreuzmünster from 1703 represents nothing other than the fat woman on one of the cheekbones of the church chair.

Bajass at the children's move

Bajass

The Bajass is the dress of the fool's seed (the fool's offspring). It consists of a plump pants suit. A ruff and a pointed bajazzo hat are also worn. The majority of this dress is black and yellow. However, while there are also numerous children's dresses among the traditional fools' dresses, it is not surprising that in the wake of the numerus clausus with admission restrictions for new fool's clothes since 1974, many adults have also perceived the alternative to at least as Bajass at the Rottweiler in the original dress of the fool's name To take part in fools running.

The beggar on Rose Monday

Beggar

Like the fat woman, the beggar lover has not received the certificate from the Rottweil fool's guild after being revived by the city youth association a few years ago. According to oral tradition, which describes its appearance in detail, the beggar was recreated as a single figure wearing a tattered Gschellnarrens Kleid, a damaged Gschellnarrenlarva and a cat's tail instead of three foxtails. There is also a single bell strap with only one bell. A “soma sack” hangs over his shoulder, in which he used to collect alms for the poor in line with the custom of Heisch and thus took on a social function in the Rottweiler carnival. Today he is collecting again, albeit for the elderly and the sick.

Historical fool's clothes

I. Bite from Herrenkramer's fund, shown on a postcard from around 1900

Various fool's clothes from the 19th century have been preserved in the Rottweiler Fasnet. The so-called Herrenkramer fundus goes back to the master shoemaker Franz Josef Kramer (1813–1873), known as Herrenkramer. He and his son Victor (1849–1915) collected fool's clothes that are still largely privately owned by the family. The Herrenkramersche collection includes all Rottweiler fool figures. In its early years, the Rottweil fool's guild orientated itself strongly to this collection when designing fool's clothes.

Other classic Rottweiler larvae are the "Metzger Sichlers Gschell" larva, which came from the possession of master butcher Dominikus Sichler (1823–1879) and is now kept in the city museum, and the "Kempters Gschell" named after master saddler Pius Kempter (1855–1936) privately owned. "Dreher's Bite" is named after its former owner, the master blacksmith Dreher. It was made in 1864 and is also in the city museum. "Laiers Biss" in private ownership is the only bite in the fool's jump that still wears a three-cornered hat, as was customary for this fool figure until around 1860. It is named after the previous owner, the Schneider Laier. Special Schantle dresses are “s'Reichstadte Schantle”, which presumably goes back to the Rottweil-based Reichstadt family. “Ettenspergers Fransenkleidle” probably comes from the estate of the saddler Ignaz Ettensperger and is now in private hands. The "Marx-Becka Federahannes" is a Federahannes larva whose name is derived from master baker Franz Josef Marx (1791–1867). It is also privately owned and still takes part in the fool jumps.

Landsknechte and Landmaiden

Landsknechte at the Black Gate

During the carnival jumps, the mercenaries and country maids ensure order. With their long poles, they are responsible for ensuring that the fool's jump runs smoothly. So they keep the road free for the fools or share the historic leap. Often the Landsknechte are popularly simply called folders. Today the fool's guild issues around 66 folder uniforms. The Landsknecht group in its current form was born on January 14, 1978. The first senior folder was Manfred Stützle.

literature

  • Sabina Kratt: Narro round as a ball. The Rottweiler Fasnet for children , with an afterword by Winfried Hecht, Silberburg-Verlag , 2009, ISBN 978-3-87407-861-0 .
  • Werner Mezger , Helmut Reichelt: Carnival in Rottweil. Past and present of a custom , Theiss, 1996, ISBN 978-3-8062-1220-4 .
  • Werner Mezger, Wilfried Dold: The little book of the Rottweiler Fastnacht , Dold Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-927677-51-7 .
  • Werner Mezger, Wilfried Dold: The big book of the Rottweiler Fastnacht , Dold Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-927677-50-0 .
  • Hansjörg Deck, Sabina Kratt: Die Rottweiler Fasnet , Silberburg-Verlag , 2004, ISBN 978-3-87407-631-9 .
  • Hansjörg Deck: The Alliance of Four. Fasnet in Rottweil, Oberndorf, Elzach and Überlingen , Silberburg-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 978-3-87407-527-5 .
  • Wilhelm Kutter : Schwäbisch Alemannische Fasnacht , H. Stürtz, 1987, ISBN 978-3-8003-0109-6 (content is out of date).
  • Jochenschicht: The Rottweiler Fasnet as a "home" symbol: On the influence of urban festival culture on local identity , City of Rottweil, 2003, ISBN 978-3-928873-19-2 .
  • Karl Lambrecht, Winfried Hecht: The Rottweiler Fasnet: Seen with the eyes of Otto Wolf , Banholzer, 2003, ISBN 978-3-9806829-9-2 .
  • Karl Lambrecht: Rottweiler Narren-Fibel , Banholzer GmbH Offsetdruck, 1988, (according to the manufacturer no ISBN assigned).
  • Erika Scheerer: Fasnet in Rottweil - A picture work , A. Banholzer Verlag, 1964, (No ISBN assigned according to the manufacturer).

Individual evidence

  1. Book Fasnacht / Carnival in European Comparison, page 154
  2. ^ Federation of four on the Rottweil Fool's Guild ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.narrenzunft.rottweil.de
  3. http://www.outoftime.de/fasnetrottweil/federahannes/feder.html
  4. http://rw-hundefreunde.dyndns.org/hp-rw/pictures/rottweil-viversenes/slides/Briefmarke%20Federhannes.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / rw-hundefreunde.dyndns.org  
  5. The Guller at outoftime.de
  6. Fool Dolls Fool Dolls
  7. Home Page Tagwachtkapelle
  8. http://www.dickes-weib-rottweil.de/bericht.htm
  9. Homepage of the Landsknechte and Landmaids

Web links

Commons : Rottweiler Fasnet  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files