Fat Thursday
The actual Mardi Gras season begins on the Schmotzigen Thursday in the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival . It falls on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday .
The day will vary by region also called Gausaliger or Ausaliger Donschdig, Schmotziger Dunschtich, Schmotziga Dorsch you, Schmotziger Dauschtich, Schmotziga Dauschteg, Dicker Thursday madman Thursday Gombiger Doschdig, Gombadonnerschdag, Gumpiger Dunschtig, Glombiger Doschdig, ragged Thursday or just Schmotziga, In southern Baden and Switzerland, Schmutzige Donschtig, Schmutzige Dunschtig or, in German, dirty Thursday, in some Baden and Swiss places also Feischte Dunschtig and Feiße Donschtig .
The following Friday is regionally called " Sooty or Brittle Friday ".
Surname
Schmotzig, dirty means in the Alemannic dialects "greasy, feiß", Schmotz or dirt "fat".
The name comes from the fact that on this day, people like to eat fried baked goods such as Fasnetsküechle or Fasnachtskiechli (yeast pastries ) or donuts (a deep-fried pastry made from incendiary material , e.g. broken glass, Nonnenfürzle , or from quark-oil dough ). In the Rhineland, such baked goods are also available under the name Mutzen , and elsewhere as quark balls. However, Thursday was also the last day on which slaughtering and therefore large quantities of meat could be consumed (see under "History"). In the custom that Thursday is slaughtered and baked, both word meanings are included.
history
The ecclesiastical cycle of months, weeks and days or the orientation of the people of the high and late Middle Ages to the church liturgy justifies the name as fat ("fat") Thursday. Thursday was considered in the liturgical order of the week, i.e. H. in the guidelines and prayers ordered by the Catholic Church in the form of psalms , as the general slaughter and baking day. Wednesdays had to be fasted; Friday as the day of remembrance of Christ - Jesus died on a Friday ( Good Friday ) - is still celebrated today as a fasting day with fish dishes. Saturday was also canceled as a slaughter day; remnants of the Jewish faith influenced him. This means that the day does not start in the morning, but the evening before. Therefore, Sunday begins on Saturday late afternoon. In half a day it was not possible to accomplish the various work steps involved in making sausage and meat.
According to the Bible, Holy Sunday was out of the question as a working day anyway. Monday and Tuesday - this was basically allowed by the liturgy - could not be used as a slaughter day on Shrovetide, as slaughtering was inconceivable: Ash Wednesday was approaching, from this point on meat was no longer allowed. So it made sense to use Thursday as the slaughter and baking day. The Thursday before Ash Wednesday was the last slaughter and baking day before Lent . This was celebrated with feasting, because there was little point in storing meat if afterwards the 40 meatless days of Lent were on the calendar until Easter. The excess meat and sausages were smoked to make them durable. The people therefore called this day, on which all sorts of cattle were again processed into edible, the fat ("fat") Thursday.
This also explains why, even today, in very traditional carnivals such as Villingen or Rottweil , masked fools can only be seen and parades take place on Fat Thursday, Carnival Monday and Tuesday : The church liturgy of the Middle Ages only allowed such spectacles on these days. Later on, a butcher's dance was publicly performed by the butchers' guild in various places on the fat Thursday, which was to commemorate this old day of slaughter.
Terms and customs
In many carnival strongholds parades are organized and celebrated street Fast Pay, kindergarten children or students free up office and the city hall tower of City Hall key is symbolic of the mayor until Shrove Tuesday to the fools pass.
In many places Schmotziger Thursday was celebrated earlier with feasts and funny mummies . Since the late 19th or early 20th century are also on this day Hemdglunki -Umzüge organized.
Excursus: Weiberfastnacht in the Rhineland
In Aachen , the day is called Fat Thursday , in Saarland , much of the Eifel and the Trier region Fat Thursday (see above the comments on. Schmotz ); in other Rhenish carnival areas it is usually referred to as Altweiber- or Weiberfastnacht . The day marks the transition from the meeting to the street carnival.
Alemannic language area
Swabian-Alemannic Carnival
The term is used almost exclusively in the Swabian-Alemannic carnival . Depending on the region and dialect, the pronunciation Schmotziger Dunnschdig, Schmotziger Thursday, Schmotziger Dorschdich, Gompiger Thursday is also used. Gumpig has its roots in Swabian gumpen, which means making funny sayings or jumping . He is known as Faisse Dunnschdig , especially on the Upper Rhine . Faisse means "fat".
In Constance on Schmotzige Dunschtig from 6:00 a.m., residents in the districts are woken up by loud drummers and fanfare trains. The pupils are freed from their schools and power is given up in the town hall . Afterwards the street carnival begins and in the evening the shirt-bell parade through the old town.
Bavarian-Swabian Carnival
In parts of Bavarian Swabia it is pronounced Glumpader Duuschde . The word glumpig was derived from “rags”, compare the designation in Tyrol below.
Swiss Carnival
The carnival of the Catholic places in Switzerland begins with the Dirty Donnschtig . In addition to the well-known Lucerne Carnival , all the towns have their own events, which differ greatly from one location to another.
Bavaria, Tyrol and South Tyrol
In Bavaria , Tyrol and South Tyrol the day is usually referred to as "Nonsensical Thursday". In Bavaria, this day is also called "Lumpy Thursday".
literature
- Adalbert Kuhn: Legends, customs and fairy tales from Westphalia and some others, especially the neighboring areas of northern Germany. Volume 2, p. 126, digitized
- Werner Mezger: The big book of the Swabian-Alemannic carnival.
- Ernst Heinrich Meier, German legends, customs and traditions from Swabia. Volume 2, p. 376 f., Digitized
- Otto von Reinsberg-Düringsfeld: The festive year: in manners, customs and festivals of the Germanic peoples. P. 37, digitized version
- Anton Birlinger: Popular things from Swabia: Bd. Sitten and Customs. P. 26 f., Digitized
Web links
- Atlas of everyday German language: Name for the Thursday before Rose Monday
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dirty Thursday ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Information from the Bartligesellschaft Brunnen, accessed on November 7, 2012
- ↑ Baden Dictionary , Volume IV, page 653, Lemma dirty
- ^ Alemannische-seiten.de: Schmotzge Dunschtig
- ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume XII, columns 1045-1047 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Baden Dictionary , Volume IV, page 652, Lemma Schmutz II and page 653, Lemma dirty
- ^ Swabian dictionary , Volume V, column 1011, Lemma Schmotz and column 1013, Lemma schmotzig .
- ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume IX, Column 1047 ff., Article Schmutz III ( digitized version ) and Column 1055 ff., Article dirty ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Narrenzunft Markdorf - The Schmotzige Dunschdig d 'Student Feast - d' Hemedglonker
- ↑ Margret Meier and Peter Schmidt: Meersburger Fasnacht through the ages from 1360. Narrenzunft Schnabelgiere Meersburg e. V. Bodensee Medienzentrum, Tettnang 2013, pp. 15–16
- ↑ dirty / schmotzig in Grimm's dictionary
- ↑ Where did Dirty Thursday get its name from? Regional newspaper Rontaler AG, Ebikon, February 7, 2013, accessed on January 31, 2015 .
- ↑ Where did Dirty Thursday get its name from? Regional newspaper Rontaler AG, Ebikon, February 7, 2013, accessed on January 31, 2015 .
- ↑ Range of names from Gumpiger to Dirty Thursday
- ↑ Dani Behnke: Fasnacht - stories and history. In: QLT No. 855/2013, pp. 4-9
