Naryka

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Naryka ( ancient Greek Νάρυκα ), also Narykos or Naryx ( Νάρυκος, Νάρυχ ), was a strategically important and fortified ancient city in the Epicnemidic Lokris in Greece . It had access to the sea at the port of Thronion, 6 km to the north, and controlled the Greek north-south traffic routes over the Kallidromo Mountains, but above all over the Fontana Pass.

description

The city was on the elevation Paliokastra Rhenginiou about 1.5 km west of Rhengini at an altitude of about 309 m to 323 m above sea level. Its extension was about 500 m from north to south and about 150 m from west to east. The hill was bordered in the west by the Sourlatzorema brook and in the east by the Katafiorema. Based on an inscription found in the church of Hagios Ioannes north below the city, the identification with Naryka could be clearly clarified. The new railway tunnel, which was built under the Kallidromo Mountains, ends about 120 m northeast of this church.

history

As the Miny pottery found here shows, the city was already settled in the Middle Helladic . There was also ceramics from the Late Helladic period ; Occasionally one comes across broken pieces from the Geometric Period . The city wall of the Acropolis was made of Lesbian polygonal masonry and is dated to the 6th or early 5th century. The lower town wall was built between 350 and 330 BC. Built in isodomic masonry . A late Helladic cemetery was found south of the city at Mnimata Pournaras. Further cemeteries were found at Pourana from the Classical and Early Christian times and at Diaskelo from Roman times (1st to 3rd centuries).

Conrad Bursian assumed that Naryka was the forerunner of the not yet localized city of Pharygai ( Pharygae ) near modern Mendenitsa . Like Naryka, this is identified by other authors with the Homeric tarp from the ship's catalog .

Lore

After Strabo , Aias who took part in the Trojan War was born in Naryka. Lycophron mentions the city among the Locrian cities. Diodorus reports that 395 BC Here Ismenias with an army of 6000 men defeated the Phokers commanded by Alkisthenes , who lost 1000 of their people in the process. The city was founded by the Phoker Phayllos in 352/1 BC. Conquered. A short time later he was driven out of Naryka by the Boeotians , where he lost 200 of his people. They pursued and ambushed him at night while he was camping near Abai . Then Phayllos hurried and reached Naryka before the Boeotians. He looted and destroyed the city. The city remained populated at least until the time of Emperor Hadrian . In a bronze letter to the citizens of Naryka in the Louvre , he confirmed their status as a polis and recognized that they had been the starting point for many heroic deeds and the subject of many poems.

The city in mythology

Naryka was known for his Aias cult. It is here that the Locrian king Oileus is said to have become the father of Aias. The city is also said to have been the residence of the descendants of Aias, the Aiantids . Ovid names Lelex from Naryka among the participants in the hunt for the Calydonian boar .

literature

  • Marion Holland McAllister:  Naryka . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  • Giovanna Daverio Rocchi: Naryka. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 8, Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01478-9 , column 719 f.
  • Christopher P. Jones : A letter of Hadrian to Naryka (eastern Locris). In: Journal of Roman Archeology 19, 2006, pp. 151-162.
  • Jose Pascual, Maria-Foteini Papakonstantinou: Topography and History of Ancient Epicnemidian Locris , Leiden 2013, pp. 176–182.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ So Strabo; see. Samuel Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann: Greece and the Greeks in antiquity. Book 1-5. Mainland Greece. Leipzig 1841, p. 483 ff.
  2. ↑ SEG 3-425; Nikos Papadakis: Αρχαιολογική περιφέρεια in Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δελτίον , Volume 6, 1920-21, pp. 141-143 ( online ( memento of the original from January 21, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked Original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dspace.museumshops.gr
  3. ↑ Map 55 Thessalia-Boeotia, p. 826 [1] (PDF; 189 kB)
  4. ↑ Strabo: Geographika , 9,4,2 (p. 425)
  5. ^ Lycophron: Alexandra , 1148
  6. ^ Diodor, Bibliothḗkē historikḗ 14, 82, 7-9.
  7. ↑ Diodor, Bibliothḗkē historikḗ 16, 38, 3-5.

Coordinates: 38 ° 43 ′ 24 ″  N , 22 ° 41 ′ 27 ″  E