Nose frogs

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Nose frogs
Rhinoderma darwinii

Rhinoderma darwinii

Systematics
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Nose frogs (Rhinodermatidae)
Genre : Nose frogs
Scientific name
Rhinoderma
Duméril & Bibron , 1841
Distribution of the nose frogs

The nose frogs ( Rhinoderma ) are a genus from the order of the frogs (Anura), which occurs in southern South America ( Chile and Argentina ). They are placed in the family Rhinodermatidae .

features

They are very small frogs, only about three centimeters long. Their pointy snout, from which the animals also owe their name, is striking. As a result, the shape of the frog's head is reminiscent of a leaf from above, which means it is well camouflaged and protected from predators.

The pupils are horizontal. The tongue is approximately triangular, with entire margins or slightly outlined at the back and freely liftable at the back. Palatine teeth are missing. The eardrum is not or only weakly visible. The fingers and toes are pointed and have simple, bony terminal phalanges. The fingers are by weak, toes by significant webbed connected. These do not intervene between the metatarsi of the 4th and 5th toes. The precoracoid and coracoid run parallel to each other. The omosternum and sternum are cartilaginous. The transverse processes of the sacral vertebra are moderately widened.

distribution

The distribution area of Rhinoderma rufum is in Chile between the cities of Curicó and Arauco . Rhinoderma darwinii occurs in Chile between the provinces of Concepción and Palena , in Argentina from the province of Neuquén to the province of Río Negro .

Way of life

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Occurrence

The nose frogs live in the leaf litter of mixed and Nothofagus forests in the temperate zone up to an altitude of 1100 meters. The populations are very sensitive to changes in their habitat .

Reproduction

Nose frogs are characterized by a special brood care behavior. The females lay their eggs in the leaf litter, where they are fertilized by the males. As soon as the first larvae move in the eggs, the males take the fertilized eggs into their throat sac, where the tadpoles hatch. With Rhinoderma rufum , the father releases them into the water after around 14 days, where they continue to develop. In the case of the Darwin nosed frog ( Rhinoderma darwinii ), the offspring are nourished during larval development by a viscous secretion that is formed in the male's throat pouch. The larvae remain in the male's mouth until they are transformed into small frogs.

species

The genus includes two types:

Danger

The species Rhinoderma rufum has not been reliably detected since around 1978 and may have become extinct. It is classified by the IUCN as " critically endangered " . The causes of the species' disappearance are unknown. An infection with the chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ), which is responsible for the decline in many amphibian populations, is unlikely. The stocks were already severely decimated before the introduction of the fungus into southern South America. In the specimens prepared for museums in the 1970s, no chytrid fungal infection of the skin was found.

The species Rhinoderma darwinii is designated by the IUCN as "endangered" (vulnerable) .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b David Cannatella: Rhinoderma. Darwin's Frogs. The Tree of Life Web Project, Version 01, January 1995, accessed March 7, 2014
  2. ↑ Rhinodermatidae , Amphibia Web, accessed March 7, 2014
  3. ^ Fritz Nieden: Anura II . In: FE Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Ed.): Das Tierreich . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig 1926, p. 74.
  4. ↑ a b c d Rhinoderma rufum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Alberto Veloso, Herman Núñez, Helen Díaz-Paéz, Ramón Formas, 2010. Retrieved on March 2, 2014.
  5. ↑ a b c Rhinoderma darwinii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Carmen Ubeda, Alberto Veloso, Herman Núñez, Esteban Lavilla, 2010. Retrieved on March 2, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b J. Bourke, F. Mutschmann, T. Ohst, P. Ulmer, A. Gutsche, K. Busse, H. Werning, W. Boehme: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Darwin's frog Rhinoderma spp. in Chile. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Published online September 23, 2010
  7. ↑ Alexey G. Desnitskiy: Ontogenetic diversity and early development of frogs in the South American family Cycloramphidae. Phyllomedusa, July 10, 2011
  8. ^ Darrel R. Frost: Rhinoderma Duméril and Bibron, 1841 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0 (accessed March 4, 2014). ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Nose Frogs  - Collection of images, videos and audio files