Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij

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The Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) was a small Dutch fascist or National Socialist party from 1931 to 1941.

The NSNAP was founded in 1931 by Ernst Hermann van Rappard (1899–1953). The little researched party leaned closely to the German NSDAP and also built an SA . However, there were numerous disputes and splits for personal and political reasons in the party, as in the entire fascist-Nazi spectrum of the Netherlands . So after 1933 three parties stood against each other under this name.

NSNAP Van Rappard

The party leader Ernst Herman van Rappard, referred to as “Rijksleider”, headed an overall less successful party, especially since a large number of small groups cavorted in this spectrum. The most successful fascist-national-socialist movement in the Netherlands, however, was the " Nationaal-Socialistische Bewegungsing " (NSB) under Anton Mussert . The NSNAP had its focus on both sides of the German-Dutch border. It stuck to the German model as closely as possible and, in contrast to a number of rival parties in the same direction, represented a militant anti-Semitism , while the NSB even included Jews. Later it even propagated the merging of the Netherlands into the National Socialist German Reich and temporarily had the abbreviation "Hitler-Bewegungsing" in its name. After the party ban, van Rappard was active in the SS . Sentenced to death in 1949, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

NSNAP Smit

This party was led by Adalbert Smit and was financed by a National Socialist millionaire. In 1933 it merged with the fascist association "De Bezem". After violent internal party quarrels that led to the decline of this wing, Anton Schouten took over the leadership in 1933. But he could not stop the organizational and financial decline of this part of the NSNAP, but worsened it, so that this party disappeared in 1935.

NSNAP Major Kruyt

This wing of the party, briefly led by Albert van Waterland after it was founded, was headed by the former colonial officer Major Cornelius Kruyt (1869–1945). The party headquarters was in Heemstede . Kruyt initially worked from 1928 to 1933, most recently in a leading position, in the “Verbond van Nationalisten”. From 1933 to 1941 he then headed an NSNAP split under his name, the most successful of the party groups under this name. This party seems to have met with particularly high approval among the Dutch who lived in Germany.

In July 1933, the party comrade M. van den Heuvel founded a foreign department of the NSNAP-Kruyt as country leader for Germany in Mülheim an der Ruhr , which initially created local groups in the Ruhr area, then also in the Rhineland, for example in Rheydt . Van den Heuvel then set up agents to build the party, such as the Grafschaft Bentheim H. te Brake in Nordhorn , whereby te Brake had already founded a local group there in May on behalf of the Dutch Reich leadership, for the Emsland H. Janssen in Fehndorf or for Gronau K. de Vos from Glanerbrug (NL).

Since the second half of 1933 the NSNAP-Kruyt was very active, especially in the area of ​​Grafschaft Bentheim and the left-Emsian moor communities. In August 1933, a meeting took place in Nordhorn with the regional director van den Heuvel and the regional secretary F. Domsdorf from Duisburg , whereby the local group there became the driving force in the region. Successful advertising campaigns then took place in the Niedergrafschaft, for example in Wilsum , Itterbeck or Emlichheim . In September 1933 a local group followed in Schüttorf with its own SA, and in November 1933 the Nordhorn local group established a local group Rheine in the Münsterland.

The Nordhorn local group had 105 members in January 1934, while in Germany it should have been 4000-5000 at the time. However, the Grafschafter district leader te Brake soon switched to the Mussert movement, which then fought the NSNAP violently in the Bentheimer Land, so that party leader Kruyt came to Nordhorn in October 1934 to support his ailing party.

Kruyt opposed the resolution already passed in 1940 by the German “Reichsstatthalter” Arthur Seyss-Inquart to merge all the National Socialist groups in the Netherlands into the NSB, but was ultimately unable to prevail. On January 1, 1941, the NSNAP was forcibly transferred to the NSB. Kruyt's family moved to Germany after the end of the war.

A heavy blow for the party, which was relatively successful in the German border region with the Netherlands, was the decision of the German government in December 1933 to withdraw any funding from the NSNAP in Germany and to prohibit party members from wearing uniforms in order to avoid foreign policy irritations with the Netherlands . At the same time, press coverage of the small Dutch party ended, which deprived it of an important advertising opportunity among the Dutch exiled.

Overall, however, the NSNAP could not gain any greater significance than the NSB.

swell

  • Schüttorfer Zeitung No. 178 of August 2, 1933.
  • Schüttorfer Zeitung No. 213 of September 12, 1933.
  • Newspaper and advertisement sheet, Neuenhaus, No. 122 of May 29, 1933.
  • Newspaper and advertisement sheet No. 209 of September 8, 1933.
  • Lower Saxony State Archives Osnabrück Rep 450 Bent II LA No. 412.

literature

  • Helmut Lensing: “Dutch National Socialists in the Grafschaft Bentheim during the initial phase of the“ Third Reich ”- The“ Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiders Partij ”(NSNAP) and the“ Nationaal-Socialistische Bewegungsing ”(NSB) 1933-1935”, in: Bentheimer Yearbook 2010 (Das Bentheimer Land vol. 195), Bad Bentheim 2009, pp. 267–295. ISSN  0723-8940
  • Manifest en programma der Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiders-Partij (NSNAP), s'Gravenhage 1933.