National school

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As National schools are called independent national composer schools of classical music , which is the middle of the 19th century developed into an internationally prevailing German-French-Italian musical tradition in differentiation. During this time, many European composers were influenced by the folk music of their home country, so that their works acquired a distinctive national character. Composers of a people who endeavored in this way to include folk music in their works and who also influenced one another are counted as part of a particular national school. The development began during the High Romantic period and continued until around the middle of the 20th century, whereby post-romantic movements such as Impressionism or Neoclassicism were also linked to the goals of the National Schools, for example with Béla Bartók , Karol Szymanowski or Manuel de Falla .

Particularly popular composers who work with national elements are considered national composers .

Emergence

The reason for their development was the state reorganization of Europe in the 19th century. Shaken by the spirit of the French Revolution ( 1789 ), some of the peoples of Europe under foreign rule, such as the B. the Czechs ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs to rebel against the ruling regime and to reflect on their national identity. This awareness was also reflected in the work of various composers who, by composing music with a typically national character, were able to emphasize the national independence of their people on an artistic level and protest against the foreign rulers. Similar events took place in Hungary and Poland . This led to a reflection on national cultural traditions in language , literature , art and music .

Representative