Neuwiedia veratrifolia
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Neuwiedia veratrifolia in Sarawak |
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Veratrifolia Neuwiedia is a kind of the genus Neuwiedia in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). The herbaceous plants grow up to 120 centimeters and come from Southeast Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Neuwiedia veratrifolia grows to 70 to 120 cm. The roots arise both in the ground and above ground on the shoot. The aboveground roots are hairy and 1 to 5 mm in diameter. The mycorrhizal fungi from Neuwiedia veratrifolia belong to the genera Tulasnella and Thanatephorus . The leaves are 7 to 78 cm long with a width of 0.7 to 6.7 cm, they have a lanceolate to linear shape and have a pointed end. The upper leaves can be hairy on the edge and sparsely on the leaf blade.
Flowers and fruit
The inflorescence is a terminal cluster , it becomes 25 to 52 cm long and towers over the leaves. The inflorescence stretches during the flowering period, so that the inflorescence stalk is eventually as long as the inflorescence axis. Inflorescence axis, bracts and petals are hairy. There are 48 to 80 flowers , they are yellow, fragrant and measure 2.4 to 3.5 cm in length. The flowers bloom one after the other, so that six to ten are always open at the same time; they don't open very wide. The bracts are linear, more rarely oval, they end pointed, their length is 0.8 to 7 cm, the width 0.1 to 1 cm. The flower stalk is 3 to 7 mm long, the narrow oval ovary measures 8 to 13 mm in length. The petals are all quite similar: the sepals are hairy on the outside, oval to lanceolate in shape, 12 to 20 mm long and 2.5 to 4 mm wide. The petals are provided with a longitudinal keel on the outside, this is hairy. At 4.5 to 6.5 mm, they are slightly wider than the outer petals. A lip is barely differentiated, it is slightly shorter (10 to 18 mm) and wider (5 to 7 mm) than the other two inner petals. The column consists of three stamens and the stylus , the mm over a length of 5 to 7 are fused together at the bottom. The column is curved, the three stamens are all oriented to one side of the column. The free part of the stamens measures 2 to 5.3 millimeters, the anthers are linear and 6 to 8 mm long. The free part of the stylus measures 5 to 6 mm, the stigma is wider than the stylus, round or indistinctly three-lobed. The resulting capsule fruit measures 10 to 14 mm in length and 6 to 10 mm in diameter. It is roughly triangular in cross-section, with distinct ribs and longitudinal grooves. It opens, starting at the tip, with three longitudinal, loculicidal slits. The seeds consist of a round to oval central part and two thread-like, 0.6 to 0.7 mm long appendages.
Protocorm
The Protokorm could still be found on very young plants . It reaches a length of 6 to 14 mm with a diameter of 4 mm. From a rounded base it becomes narrower to the tip, where the stem axis shoots out. The surface is covered with warts arranged in a ring and bearing hair. In cross-section, like a root, it is divided into an epidermis , a cortical tissue ( cortex ) and a central stele , which is surrounded by the endodermis and pericycle . The fungal hyphae are not yet found in the epidermis or the outer cell layers of the cortex, only below the hairy warts there are fungal cells. Further inside in the cortex there are cells that are penetrated by septate fungal hyphae, but where no dissolution of the hyphae could be observed (“fungal host cells” according to Burgeff ). The fungal hyphae are dissolved even further inside. Their remains are deposited in clumps in the cells of the cortex, which are then again grown through with fungal hyphae. The processes ( tolypophagia ) correspond to those in other orchids.
The Protokorm continues its growth as a stem axis , which first forms lower leaves , then roots and leaves.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 96.
Occurrence
Neuwiedia veratrifolia is widespread in tropical Southeast Asia . It occurs from the Malay Peninsula over the wetter part of Indonesia , the Philippines to Papua New Guinea , the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu . Altitudes from 20 to 2000 meters are populated. The locations are in the shade of evergreen, moist forests, by streams, and also on waterlogged or stony soils. Drought is not tolerated.
Systematics and botanical history
Neuwiedia veratrifolia was first described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1834 . It is the type species of the genus Neuwiedia . The finding that Neuwiedia veratrifolia has a protocorm like the other orchids strengthens the view that the Apostasioideae should not be treated as a separate family, but within the orchids. The name veratrifolia means " germerblättrig ".
literature
- EF de Vogel: Monograph of the Tribe Apostasieae (Orchidaceae) . In: Blumea . tape 17 , no. 2 , 1969, p. 313-350 .
Web links
Wikispecies: Neuwiedia veratrifolia - species directoryIndividual evidence
- ↑ Kim A. Kristiansen, John V. Freudenstein, Finn N. Rasmussen, Hanne N. Rasmussen: Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Neuwiedia veratrifolia (Orchidaceae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 33 , no. 2 , 2004, p. 251-258 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.05.015 .
- ↑ a b c d EF de Vogel: Monograph of the Tribe Apostasieae (Orchidaceae). In: Blumea. Volume 17, No. 2, 1969, pp. 323-324.
- ↑ a b c d Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 19 .
- ↑ a b c Kim A. Kristiansen, Finn N. Rasmussen, Hanne N. Rasmussen: Seedlings of Neuwiedia (Orchidaceae subfamily Apostasioideae) have typical orchidaceous mycotrophic protocorms . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 88 , no. 5 , 2001, p. 956-959 ( [1] ).
- ^ Tropicos. [2]
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Neuwiedia veratrifolia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 10, 2020.