Nicolaes tulip
Nicolaes Tulp , also Nicolaas Tulp and Latinized from his maiden name Claes Pieterszoon also Nicolaes Petreius (born October 9, 1593 in Amsterdam ; † September 12, 1674 there ) was a Dutch surgeon and anatomist as well as one of the most famous doctors of the 17th century and mayor in Amsterdam.
Life
The founder of the Tulp family was named Claas Pieterszoon as the fourth child of the cloth merchant Pieter Dirckszoon and his wife Gherytgen Dircksdr. Poelenburch born. He studied medicine from 1611 to 1614 at the University of Leiden and received his doctorate on September 30, 1614 . When he moved back to Amsterdam as a resident doctor in a house on Keizersgracht , he changed his surname to Tulp ( Dutch : tulip ), as there was a sign with a tulip in front of the house. He also changed his first name from Claes to the long form Nicolaes . He made the tulip his family crest . In 1617 he married Eva van der Voech . As a doctor, but also through his influence as a city councilor since 1622, he soon made a name for himself in the growing city. Thanks to his good contacts, Tulp became Praelector Anatomiae (lecturer in anatomy ) in the College of Amsterdam Surgeons with lectures in the Waag in Amsterdam in 1628 . When his wife Eva died that same year, she left him with five children. In 1630 he married Magaretha de Vlaming van Oudshoorn , the daughter of Mayor Dirck de Vlaming van Oudshoorn , who gave birth to three more children.
Tulp's son Diederick married Anna Burgh , the daughter of the Amsterdam Mayor Albert Burgh , and his daughter Margaretha married Jan Six . In 1673 Tulp became a member of parliament in The Hague , where he died in 1674. His body is buried in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. In addition to Rembrandt's well-known work on Dr. Tulp, in the collection of Jan Six in Amsterdam is the portrait of the Tulp family , painted by Nicolaes Eliaszoon Pickenoy in 1635 .
Act
His anatomical demonstrations on corpses of publicly executed in the Theatrum anatomicum (Latin: anatomical theater ), which takes place every year in the winter months, were very popular and, with the consent of the court, were carried out not only in front of doctors and local politicians, but also in front of a paying audience in the back row . At that time, autopsies and dissections were only allowed in Europe for male criminals and outside the church. The smell of decay of the corpses was masked by herbs and incense , and music was played, eaten and drunk during the lectures. The demonstrations primarily served to exchange anatomical knowledge of the prominent medical professionals present, but the entrance fees also financed gala meals for the Amsterdam surgeons and judges. After one of these lectures on January 16, 1632, the portrait of Rembrandt's Die Anatomie des Dr. Tulip .
Tulp was also responsible for the control of the local pharmacies , which thanks to the good sea connections had a rich spectrum of herbs and spices from the eastern world. After the outbreak of the plague in the city in 1635, Tulp decided to fight the disease together with experts from his circle of friends. In 1636 they wrote the Pharmacopoea Amstelredamensis , the city's first pharmacopoeia , which prescribed the uniform preparation of medicinal products and which became the standard work and model for other Dutch pharmacopoeias.
In 1641, Dr. Tulp wrote his work Observationeum medicarum libris tres ( Latin : medical observations ), the first edition of which he dedicated to his son Pieter , who had just finished his medical studies in Leiden . Because of his death, Tulp also dedicated the second edition to his son. He wrote the work deliberately in Latin to keep the people from pseudo-medical consequences. The book describes in detail 231 of his observed cases of suffering and death, including those of dissected animals from the Dutch colonies , which is why many also refer to it as the "Book of Monsters". Among other things, Tulp described in detail the phenomenon known today as migraines and probably the cluster headache , the negative effects of smoking on the lungs and, in the beginning, the findings on the psychological effects of the placebo effect . Furthermore, in 1639, Tulp was the first to discover the human lymphatic vessels and, ignorant of Caspar Bauhin, the ileocecal valve . His description of symptoms of beriberi disease in a seaman was not followed up.
mayor
As a local politician, he became mayor of Amsterdam for four legislative terms in 1654 .
literature
- Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Tulp, Nicolaas. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1425.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Thoms: Anatomy of Dr. Tulp ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB) in communications from the German Ex-libris Society , March 2006.
- ^ Sebastian AC Dudok van Heel: Nicolaes Tulp - The life and work of an Amsterdam physican and magistrate in the 17th century , Amsterdam, 1998, pp. 84/85
- ↑ EM Kniels: Pedagogical image viewing "Portrait of the Tulp Family" by NE Pickenoy (1635) ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Hausarb., Univ. Berlin, Inst Erz. Wiss., 2004
- ↑ 20 Eeuwen Nederland: Afstammingsreeks Nicolaes Tulp - Dirk Doude van Troostwijk ( Memento of the original of October 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Dutch)
- ^ Koehler PJ .: Prevalence of headache in Tulp's Observationes Medicae (1641) with a description of cluster headache. Cephalalgia. (1993); 13 (5): 318-20. PMID 8242723
- ^ PJ Koehler: Neurology in Tulp's Observationes Medicae. In: Journal of the History of Neuroscience. Volume 5, 1996, pp. 143-151.
Web links
- Portrait of the Tulp family (PDF file; 741 kB)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tulip, Nicolaes |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Pieterszn, Claes; Pieterszoon, Claes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch surgeon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 9, 1593 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Amsterdam |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 12, 1674 |
| Place of death | Amsterdam |