Peasant tobacco

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peasant tobacco
Farmer's tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), illustration

Farmer's tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica ), illustration

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Nightshade family (Solanaceae)
Genre : Tobacco ( Nicotiana )
Type : Peasant tobacco
Scientific name
Nicotiana rustica
L.

The Nicotiana rustica ( Nicotiana rustica ), also round leaf tobacco , is a kind from the family of nightshade family . It originally comes from the Amazon region of South America. It is also called violet tobacco because of its smell.

description

Nicotiana rustica
Peasant tobacco with seed pods

Farmer's tobacco is an annual herbaceous plant that is 40 to 60, rarely 120 cm, high. The plants are covered with sticky glandular hairs. The leaf stalks are 5 to 15 cm long, the leaf blade is 10 to 30 cm long, ovate, oblong to lanceolate, membranous and heart-shaped to rounded at the base of the leaf.

The inflorescences are compact to loose panicles with many flowers, the flowers are on 3 to 7 mm pedicels. The cup-shaped calyx is 7 to 12 mm long, the calyx lobes are irregularly triangular. The crown is greenish-yellow, consists of 5 petals that have grown together to form a 1.2 to 2 cm long tube with a diameter of about 4 mm. At the end of the tube, the petals form short, bluntly pointed lobes. The stamens are of different lengths. The seed pod is almost spherical and 1 to 1.6 cm in diameter. The seeds are brown and oblong, about 1 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

Occurrence

Farmer's tobacco is originally found in Bolivia , Peru and Ecuador .

use

Nicotiana rustica has been and is initially in the upper Amazon ( Peru , Ecuador , South Columbia , West Brazil () within the traditional shamanic Amazon medicine "vegetalismo" Spanish for: Obstetrics by plants spirits) of Mestizoes - healers applied and native healers. The plant spirit of tobacco is considered to be one of the most powerful protective spirits. In the Amazon region, farmer's tobacco is usually puffed in the form of mapacho (filterless cigarette) for the above-mentioned purpose , and more rarely in a pipe. In the upper Amazon region - as well as beyond that in western South America - the habitual public everyday consumption of tobacco , which is known in Germany, is unusual. In parts of Mexico , farm tobacco or wild tobacco is also known as ucuch . Farmer's tobacco has been grown in Europe since the Thirty Years War and exists in numerous varieties. Today, however, it is only of importance in Russia , some Eastern European countries and South America. The best known European rustica product is the Russian Machork cigarette . A special feature is the extremely high nicotine content in the leaves , which is why corresponding tobacco products are not allowed to be sold in the European Union . Farmer's tobacco grows best on sandy soil with a certain amount of clay . It is recommended to re-sow at least every two years, as there is a risk that the tobacco quality will suffer. The leaves are cleaned with hot water, dried and shredded for processing.

See also

literature

  • Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu, William G. D'Arcy: Solanaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , Nicotiana rustica , p. 300 (English, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 823 .
  2. ^ Nicotiana rustica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ Nicotiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  4. ↑ Shamanic Tobaccos . In: Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge - A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution . Bantam, 1992, ISBN 0-553-37130-4 , p. 196.
  5. ↑ http://www.maya-ethnobotany.org/FLAAR-Reports-Mayan-ethnobotany-Iconography-epigraphy-publications-books-articles-PowerPoint-presentations-course/26_Mayan-ethnobotany-Guatemala-Honduras-El-Salvador-Mexico -Belize-utilitarian-and-sacred-plants-flowers-annual-report-J-2014.pdf

Web links

Commons : Farmer's Tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files