Nikolai Pavlovich Ochlopkow

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Nikolai Ochlopkow (1937)

Nikolay Okhlopkov ( Russian Николай Павлович Охлопков; born May 2 . Jul / 15. May  1900 greg. In Irkutsk , † 8. January 1967 in Moscow ) was a Soviet theater director, theater and film director, actor and screenwriter. Ochlopkow worked at the Realistic Theater, the Vakhtangov Theater and the Mayakovsky Theater in Moscow. He also staged in Leningrad and as an opera director at the Moscow Bolshoi Theater . Ochlopkow strove to remove the peep box stage and regularly performed plays on the space stage and in the midst of the audience.

Life

Ochlopkow was born in Irkutsk in Siberia and began his acting career there in 1918. Between 1923 and 1930 he was a member of the Vsevolod Meyerhold Theater in Moscow, which cultivated an anti-realistic, abstract theatrical art influenced by Meyerhold's concept of biomechanics . At the same time, Ochlopkow pursued a career as a film actor , beginning with a first role in Alexander Rasumny's silent film Banda batki Knysha (1924). He has appeared in more than a dozen films.

From 1930 on, Ochlopkow headed the Realistic Theater (a 325-seat studio stage of the Moscow Art Theater ), where he stood out for his “daring” experimental approaches and the endeavor to establish the closest possible proximity between actors and spectators. The writer Friedrich Wolf described the central features of Ochlopkow's theatrical work of the early 1930s that Ochlopkow had striven for the “complete elimination of the box stage ”, the “division of the plot and the scene into dozens of individual episodes” and “bringing the play into the middle of the audience ". Ochlopkow grouped the audience around the actors in order to create direct contact between the actors and the audience, thereby reviving a practice known from ancient theater . Wolf also described the director as a “master of guiding moving masses in space” and “of shaping space through groups of people”.

When Ochlopkows Theater merged with Tairow's Moscow Chamber Theater in 1937 and was thus effectively dissolved - Ochlopkow had just promised the premiere of Brecht's Saint Joan of the Slaughterhouses , which was to be delayed by more than two decades due to the closure of the theater - Ochlopkow switched to the Wachtangow- Theater . In 1943 he founded the Moscow Dramatic Theater , which Ochlopkov's theater style continued to cultivate over the long term after the director's death. In 1954, Ochlopkow set up the first Moscow production of Hamlet at the Moscow Art Theater after the Second World War .

Ochlopkow was awarded the Stalin Prize five times (1941, 1947, 1949 and twice in 1951) and in 1948 was also honored as a People's Artist of the USSR . From 1955 to 1957 Ochlopkow was Deputy Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Since 1956 Ochlopkow was a corresponding member of the Academy of the Arts, Berlin (East) . The director died of heart failure in Moscow in 1967 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery , one of the most famous cemeteries in Russia.

Filmography

literature

  • Joachim Fiebach (ed.): Soviet directors about their theater . Henschel, Berlin 1967
  • Bernhard Reich : In a race against time. Memories from five decades of German theater history . Henschel, Berlin 1970
  • Friedrich Wolf : The Ochlopkow Theater and the Western audience , in: Friedrich Wolf. Articles 1919–1944 . Structure, Berlin / Weimar 1967 (Friedrich Wolf. Collected works in sixteen volumes, vol. 15), pp. 372–375

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Reich: In the race against time. Memories from five decades of German theater history . Henschel, Berlin 1970, p. 371
  2. ↑ Friedrich Wolf: The Ochlopkow Theater and the Western Audience , in: Friedrich Wolf. Articles 1919–1944 . Structure, Berlin / Weimar 1967, pp. 372–375, here p. 373
  3. ↑ Friedrich Wolf: The Ochlopkow Theater , in: Friedrich Wolf. Articles 1919–1944 . Structure, Berlin / Weimar 1967, pp. 372–375, here p. 374
  4. ^ Bernhard Reich: In the race against time . Henschel, Berlin 1970, p. 371
  5. ↑ Anatoly Smeliansky: The Russian theater after Stalin . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, pp. 6 f., Online
personal data
SURNAME Ochlopkov, Nikolai Pavlovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Охло́пков, Никола́й Па́влович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Soviet actor and theater director
DATE OF BIRTH May 15, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Irkutsk
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 1967
Place of death Moscow