Nikolaus Beusser

Nikolaus Beusser (* before 1605/10 presumably in Bingen , Kreuznach or Mainz ; † 1649 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German arithmetic master , teacher and accountant .

Life

Before 1628 Nikolaus Beusser worked "for a while " as a "Rechen Schulmeister" in Kreuznach, which had been the seat of the Imperial Spanish Governor General of the Lower Palatinate since 1620 during the Thirty Years' War . Then he stayed in Frankfurt am Main . His arithmetic book by Mancherley Kauffmann's Handel , published there in 1629, he dedicated in September 1628 as the “ obedient burger's son ” to “ the venerable, high and well-wedded, also honorable, considerate and wise Lord Mayor, mayor and council of the place of Creutznach ”. Nikolaus Beusser referred to himself in the book as " Arithmeticus ". None of the other three liberal arts of the Quadrivium ( geometry , music , astronomy ) could be mastered without the basis of the fourth, arithmetic . In his self-study textbook, he intended to consistently separate “ Theorick ” and “ Practick ” from one another for the first time. In one of the examples in his arithmetic book , Beusser gave the circumference of the earth in a recording by Peter Apian , Sebastian Münster a . a. with 5400 German miles (by definition 1/15 of an equatorial degree, approx. 7.42 km = 40,070 km).

In Kreuznach had a house with a barn and yard at the large stone near the bridge opposite the former " Lombards -House" two Hofstätten the " Bleiden -House" ( armory ) and several other buildings since 1557 in the fief of Bingen-Mainz scholarly and kurmainzischen Official family Beusser (Beussler), which can be distinguished from the noble family of Beuser von Ingelheim , which died out in 1580 . The properties in Kreuznach were successively owned by: 15th century Kleyne (Cleyn) Heintze († before 1442), Nikolaus Ruß von Owilre († after 1454), at the beginning of the 16th century Peter von Sankt Aldegund († before 1534), 1534 City clerk Johann Lesch for his mother-in-law Margarete Aldegund nee. Werstetter , 1557 Christmann (Chrißman) Beuser († around 1561) for his wife Eva Aldegunt († after 1562; daughter of Margarete Werstetter), 1561 Thilmann Nastetter († around 1565; grandson of the deceased Margarete Werstetter), 1565 Kaspar Beuser († around 1586) for his mother Eva Aldegund, in 1586 his son Heinrich Beusser († 1629), then probably Dr. Kaspar Beußer († 1631) or Magister Johann Henrich Beusser († after 1657) and in 1657 Franz Philipp Beuser († 1683). As a father or close relative of Nikolaus Beusser, Heinrich Beusser comes into consideration.

After the conquest of Kreuznach by King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, Nikolaus Beusser worked from 1632 to 1635 as a school and arithmetic master at the school of the re-established Lutheran congregation. In 1635 Nicolaus Beusser, "Master of Computing von Kreuznach", left the city and sought Frankfurt citizenship .

In 1639 Beusser complained to the city council about Rector Johannes Valentini (Velten) (1601-1684) and Vice-Rector Elias Hoffmann († 1656) of the Latin school ( grammar school "at the barefoot" ) and about the two students Schleicher and Schmidt. He was the house clerk in the Frankfurt screen house ; his widow Anna Barbara asked in 1649 that this service be transferred to her. The school and arithmetic master Hans Conrad Redlich also tried in 1649 to transfer the vacant measuring recorder service in the canvas house.

In 1650 Anna Barbara Beusser applied for a " proclamation slip " because she wanted to get married again.

In 1669, Beusser's book Neu Vollkommenes Buchhalten was published posthumously in Frankfurt , in which he explained the basics of double-entry bookkeeping based on the Italian model. She was the then relevant merchant Manual on the exchange bound with -wesen of Martin van Velden, which at the request of the publisher Johann Peter Zubrodt († 1682) from the Netherlands to Frankfurt Autumn Fair had been translated this year.

Johann Vincenc Beusser, German schoolmaster and arithmetic master, probably a son of Nikolaus Beusser, asked the Frankfurt City Council in 1669 for "conferencing" (transferring) the vacant box-maker and grain clerk service. In 1671 he was one of the twelve "well-appointed high-Teutsche school writers and arithmetic masters" in the city of Frankfurt am Main, to whom her colleague Johann Caspar Keizer dedicated an arithmetic book. Vincentz Beusser was probably the editor or co-author of his father Nikolaus Beusser's book, published in 1669.

swell

• Family notes by Heinrich, Caspar and Frantz Philip Beußer [partly illegible] on the Codex St. Anselmus Frag 'and our dear women Klag ; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München (Cod. Germ. 134) ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München)

Works

• (Incorrect bibliographical information with misread year of publication MDCXXIV (1624) instead of MDCXXIX (1629); cf. the preface to the reader of September 1, 1628) Arithmetic book by Mancherley Kauffmann's Handel ... Frankfurt am Main 1624 (= 1629; see the following)
• Arithmetic book by Mancherley Kauffmann's Handel. Questionable, resolved by the theory and Welsche Practick and Abgesetzet . The shape That not only the young beginners teach computers, but also all (so the art of arithmetic has a beginning) ... Vincentius Steinmeyer / Johan-Nicolaus Stoltzenberger, Frankfurt am Main 1629 ( Google Books )
  • 2nd edition Frankfurt am Main 1651
• New perfect book-keeping of propre-, commission-, company-actions , like the same in Italian manner, and thorough disposition of the accounts receivable and creditors, properly recorded, and invoices formiriert. Johann Peter Zubrodt / Paul Humm, Frankfurt am Main 1669 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books )

literature

• Jörg Julius Reisek: Nikolaus Beuser "used to be a rake schoolmaster in Creutznach" . In: Naheland-Kalender (1995), pp. 153-155
• Christoph Flegel: The Lutheran Church in the Electoral Palatinate from 1648 to 1716 (publications of the Institute for European History 175). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1999
• Rainer Gebhardt : To Nikolaus Beusser's arithmetic books . In: Visor and arithmetic books of the early modern times . Adam-Ries-Bund, Annaberg-Buchholz 2008, pp. 141–162
• Rainer Gebhardt: Nicolaus Beusser - The Arithmeticus . In: Anne Rom (Ed.): Treasure Chamber of Calculating Art. Historical arithmetic books in the Adam-Ries-Museum Annaberg-Buchholz . (Saxon museums. Fund 4 = publications of the Adam-Ries-Bund Annaberg-Buchholz 20). Adam-Ries-Bund, Annaberg-Buchholz 2008, pp. 197-202
• Max Plassmann: To the library of the Kreuznach Franciscan convent . In: Wissenschaft und Weisheit 70 (2007), pp. 212-230, especially pp. 218f

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The coat of arms of the Binger and Mainzer Beusser is a golden house brand in blue in the form of a triangle with a double cross growing out of the top; see. Main State Archive Darmstadt (holdings R 21 G seal evidence, letter B, Beußer, Johann Heinrich, papal notary, 1655) and a .; Annelen Ottermann: Where do our books come . (Publications of the libraries of the city of Mainz 59). State capital Mainz, Mainz 2011, pp. 70–72 ( Pdf ; 4.51 MB). The Beuser von Ingelheim carried a two-row gold-red boxed common cross in black.
2. ↑ ^{a b} See documents from April 20, 1442 and October 15, 1454 (2 farmsteads at the "blydenhuße; blidenhuse"); Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1015–1515 , Vol. III. Wagner, Innsbruck 1907, No. 6176, p. 126 ( digitized version ); Vol. IV. Wagner, Innsbruck 1915, No. 7765, p. 17 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
3. ↑ Nikolaus Ruyß (carbon black) of Ohlweiler was initially Cleric and notary, then 1439, 1440 Baden Landschreiber in Kreuznach; see. u. a. Deed of December 21, 1439; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, certificate 20126), 1454 Landschreiber in Trarbach.
4. ↑ 1510 Baden Landschreiber in Kreuznach.
5. ↑ daughter of Werner von Wörrstadt and widow of Peter von St. Aldegund; see. Johannes Mötsch: A gradient register of the office of Count Palatine Johann II of Simmern († 1557) . In: Archiv für Diplomatik 35 (1989), pp. 463-511, especially p. 474.
6. ↑ Probably related to Nikolaus Nastetter (* around 1487, † around 1566) von Oberwesel, Hofrat zu Simmern, memo board in St. Stephen's Church in Simmern, and with the Electoral Palatinate conductor Johann Nastetter († before 1591) in Kreuznach.
7. ↑ See Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, documents 16876-16880 and 17486); State Archives Würzburg (St. Alban Abbey Mainz, document 1562 June 30); Eckhart Pick: Mainz State Law. Content and method. A contribution to the lus publicum at the University of Mainz in the 18th century . (Law and History 7). Steiner, Wiesbaden 1977, p. 43; somewhat different (Frantz Philip Beußer † 1658) Bavarian State Library Munich (Cod. germ. 134).
8. ↑ Cf. Christoph Flegel: The Lutheran Church in the Electoral Palatinate from 1648 to 1716 (publications of the Institute for European History 175). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1999, p. 79f.
9. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1635).
10. ^ Cf. Johann Valentini: Liber visitationum scholasticarum actorumque aliorum in Gymnasio Francofurtani, June 9, 1635 - May 12, 1642 ; State and University Library Hamburg (Cod. Hist. Litt. 2 ° 17).
11. ↑ Cf. Jacob Helfenstein: The development of the school system in its cultural-historical significance ... presented in relation to ... Frankfurt , vol. I. Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 124 ( Google Books ).
12. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1639).
13. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1649).
14. ^ Author of Johann Conrad Redlich: Dissolution of several beautiful polygonal, as well as square and Cubisossischer examples . Matthias Kempffer, Frankfurt am Main 1656; see. Rudolf Haller: Anton Neudörffer's riddle, solved with the help of Sebastian Kurz and Johann Conrad Redlich . In: Rainer Gebhardt (ed.): Visor and arithmetic books of the early modern times . (Writings of the Adam-Ries-Bund Annaberg-Buchholz 19). Adam-Ries-Bund, Annaberg-Buchholz 2008, pp. 265-274.
15. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1649).
16. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1650).
17. ↑ Martin van Velden: Fondament vande wisselhandeling, onderrichtingh ghevende van alle voornaemste wisselen van Christenrijck, so van trates remessen, vergelijcking van prysen, verscheyden commissien te vormen . Hessel Gerritsz, Amsterdam 1629; 't Onderrecht des wissels, end wissel-handeling, over gantsch Christenrijck, vervatende alle trates, remessen, vergelijckinge van prijsen, reeckeninge van schade en bate (nae de loop) van gelde . 2nd edition Theunis Jacobsz, Amsterdam 1647.
18. ↑ Vnderricht der Wechsel-Handlung, or report on how to change from one place to another in Christendom, especially Holland, Engelland, Braband, France, Italy, Castile, Portugal and Germany, reducire and calculate such things, with naming the coins Comparison of prices, and what may be more necessary for this matter . Serving all merchants and traders, so should those who themselves are not money exchangers, when they want to return funds to purchase or pay for the purchased goods, or let them be transferred, that they may know what they gain or lose, than also to those who are busily engaged in the act of changing: Before this went out in Dutch, now translated into German, multiplied with examples in many places, and otherwise corrected in the calculation every now and then. Johann Peter Zubrodt, Frankfurt am Main 1669 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books ).
19. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of council supplements, 1669).
20. ↑ At that time there were also French schools in Frankfurt am Main.
21. ↑ Johann Caspar Keizer: Kurtzes Zur Regula Detri und Practicae chamfered, but complete, and well-founded arithmetic booklet , for the beginning youth, which are to be instructed on arithmetic. Zubrodt / Humm, Frankfurt am Main 1671 (and many other editions).
22. ↑ See Erich Petzet (arrangement): Catalogus codicum manu scriptorum bibliothecae monacensis , Vol. V / 1 Codices Germanicos complectens . Palm, 2nd ed. Munich 1920, p. 249 ( Google Books ).
23. ^ Jochen Hoock: Ars Mercatoria. Manuals and treatises for the use of the merchant , Vol. II. 1600-1700 . Schöningh, Paderborn / Munich 1993, p. 70.
24. ↑ ^{a b} Friedrich Wilhelm August Murhard : Literature of mathematics in general, arithmetic and geometry , vol. I. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1797, p. 186 ( Google Books ).
25. ↑ The title is based on Johannes Krafft : A new and well-founded arithmetic book by some Kauffmanns Handel practiced and resolved by the Welsche Practick with some types of Müntz, in addition to invention all Extractiones Radicis and to learn quickly. Christian Egenollf's heirs, Frankfurt am Main 1591 ( digitized version of the ETH Library Zurich), ( Google Books ).
26. ^ Copy from the possession of the Stuttgart mathematics professor Johannes Schuckard (1640–1725).