Nikolos Tschcheidze

Nikolos Tschcheidze

Nikolos (Karlo) Chkheidze ( Georgia ნიკოლოზ (კარლო) ჩხეიძე ; Russian Николай Семёнович Чхеидзе / Nikolai Semyonovich Chkheidze ; * 1864 in Puti , Governorate of Kutaisi , Russian Empire , today Imereti , Georgia ; † 7. June 1926 in Leuville-sur-Orge , France ) was a Georgian politician (social democrat). The Menshevik played after the February Revolution of 1917 as chairman of the workers 'and soldiers' councils in Russia a key role in Russian politics . In 1918 he was President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia .

Life

Cheidze graduated from the Georgian High School in Kutaisi and then studied veterinary medicine at the University of Novorossia in Odessa . He joined the Veterinary Institute in Kharkov , where he for participating in student protests relegated was and moved to Batumi .

In 1893 , together with Noe Schordania and G. Tsereteli, he was the founder of the first socialist party in Georgia, the Messame Dassi Group (German: The Third Group ). In 1898 he joined the group of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP). In 1903 he joined the Menshevik wing of the party.

From 1898 to 1902 he was speaker of the city parliament of Batumi. In 1907 he was elected spokesman for the city parliament of Tbilisi . He was a member of the third and fourth Russian State Duma in Moscow. In 1912 he became chairman of the Menshevik parliamentary group. In the same year he was elected to the organizing committee of the RSDLP. At the beginning of the First World War he voted against the war credits .

Nikolos Tschcheidze, speech in Petrograd 1917

After the February Revolution of 1917 he became chairman of the Petrograd Soviet and joined the Provisional Committee of the State Duma. In March and April he was involved in the formation of the Provisional Government . He refused ministerial posts. Instead, he was elected chairman of the All-Russian Council Conference in March and chairman of its Central Executive Committee in June .

Cheidze supported the bourgeois-revolutionary coalition government and criticized the Bolsheviks as "instigators" and "conspirators" : " Lenin will be the only one left out of the revolution and we will go our own way." In autumn 1917 he joined the Russian pre-parliament. Immediately before the October Revolution , he went on vacation to Georgia. After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he never returned to Russia.

From February to May 1918 he was President of the Sejm of the Transcaucasian Democratic-Federal Republic . After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Georgia , he became President of the Georgian National Assembly. He was head of the Georgian delegation in the negotiations on recognition of Georgia's independence with the Western Allies and also took part in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 . In the winter of 1920/21 he and others wrote the Georgian constitution .

After the Red Army marched into Georgia in 1921, Cheidze fled to France . In June 1926, he committed suicide in Leuville-sur-Orge suicide .

literature

• Stephen F. Jones: Socialism in Georgian colors: The European road to social democracy, 1883-1917 . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2005, ISBN 0-674-01902-4

Web links

Commons : Nikolos Tschcheidze  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biography Nikolos Tschcheidses (en)
• Biography of Nikolos Tschcheidses (ru)
• Nikolos Tschcheidze in the Internet Movie Database (English)