Nonnberg (Salzburg)
| Nonnberg | ||
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 Nonnberg with Nonnberg Abbey from Nonntal |
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| location | Salzburg , Austria | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 47 '46 " N , 13 ° 3' 5" E | |
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| rock | dolomite | |
| Age of the rock | about 200 million years | |
The Nonnberg in the Austrian city of Salzburg is a small city mountain in front of the Festungsberg in a northeastern direction in the area of the historical center of the city. Like the fortress mountain , it consists of main dolomite at its base , with Dachstein limestone on top. The most important building on this foothill is the Benedictine women's monastery in Nonnberg .
Name and location
The name Nonnberg goes back to the Benedictine women's monastery Nonnberg, which was founded around 700 by the niece of the missionary Hruodbert ( Ruprecht ), Arintrud ( Erentrudis ). The Nonnberg Monastery played a key role in the settlement and cultivation of Salzburg.
The Nonnberg can be reached from the city center either via the 140 steps of the stairs from Kaigasse or via Festungsgasse. On this path you will find a replica of the so-called "Nonnberger Hund" on the city wall, a now heavily weathered Romanesque lion serving as a boundary stone between Nonnberg Abbey and the city of Salzburg. This lion is possibly a remnant of a lion figure from the Romanesque Heinrichsbasilika of the Nonnberg monastery. The Erhardgäßchen and Nonntalgasse lead from the Nonntal to the Nonnberg.
Outside the upper Nonnbergpforte, dwellings were built in which, among other things, the riflemen and guards of the monastery lived. Later on, servants (gunsmiths, bird catchers, carpenters, hunters) from the Salzburg archbishops also settled here. This area used to be called "Top Line". The area of today's Nonnberggasse and Erhardgäßchen at the southern foot of the Nonnberg was formerly called “Mittlerelinie” or “Riegel” (“Riedel”); the Nonnberggasse used to be called the "Hohe Weg", the Erhardgäßchen was called "Pechbrockergäßchen". Today's Nonntaler Hauptstraße was the “Untere Linie” or the “Untere Riegel” (also known as the “Tief Gasse”). In the valley the farm buildings of the monastery and the servants' houses were to be found. Together with Brunnhausgasse, this area is part of the “Inner Nonntal”. The “Outer Nonntal” began at the Mariensäule opposite the former Zum Goldenen Hahn inn . At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, numerous residential buildings were built in this part of the city, after the Second World War a school center and after 1970 buildings for the University of Salzburg were built.
The Nonnberg Monastery also has a small cemetery, the grave sites of which are reserved for the nuns and a few Salzburgers associated with the monastery (such as Thomas Michels ).
The Nonnberg is connected to the fortress mountain with the so-called " tearing train ". As far as is known, it is the oldest surviving (funicular) cable car in the world and has been in operation since 1460. Its name is derived from the Middle High German verb rīsen and refers to the pulling up of objects.
On the Lodron Bastion there, which is now used as a viewing terrace, the geological structure of the mountain in the Salzburg basin is explained on a display board.
On the Nonnberg, on numerous walls built from the conglomerate rock of the Mönchsberg, there are special botanical habitats that belong to the limestone column society.
- Nonnberg
Access to the Benedictine monastery
Nonnberggasse with a view of the monastery
View of the Nonntal from Nonnberg
Medieval defensive wall from Nonnberg to the Hohensalzburg fortress
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History of the Nonnberg
Settlement of the Nonntal and the Nonnberg already took place in the Celtic times . From the Roman settlement period (15 BC), Roman settlers have been reliably proven here (dead field with tombs in the Erhardgäßchen-Nonnberggasse area, remains of a Roman block building from the beginning of the era, Roman bricks on the Nonnberg, possibly also a Hercules and Mercury shrine) . A Roman road also ran over the Nonnberg, connecting Juvavum with Hallein and the Reichenhall basin (the course of today's Sinnhubstraße). In 488, when the province of Noricum was abandoned, a large part of the Romano-Celtic population left the city of Salzburg by order of Odoacer . A remainder of the residents withdrew to the Nonnberg and the Festungsberg, perhaps also to the Rainberg and the Kapuzinerberg . The early Christian legacy was carried on by these remaining residents, as demonstrated by grave finds in the area of the cathedral garages.
Before the Hohensalzburg Fortress was built, the Castrum superius or Castrum juvaviense was located on the Nonnberg . Their fortifications pulled in the Nonnbergfuß and the fortress mountain. It was not until the investiture controversy in 1077 that the first castle was built on the summit of the fortress mountain. Archbishop Paris Lodron expanded the medieval castle into a fortress by adding a strong outer ring of artillery bastions. He also had the Hasengrabentorbastei, the Hasengrabenbasteien and the two Nonnbergbastei (Upper and Lower Nonnbergbastei, Kajetanerbastei) built and the so-called cat was considerably reinforced.
These fortification structures on the Nonnberg were partially dismantled when the justice building was built (1909); the Kajetanertor had already been removed in 1873 because of road traffic. Remains of the old fortifications can still be found in Schanzlgasse and Basteigasse. In the cellar of the house at Schanzlgasse 14 there are still remnants of the old honorary trudistor.
literature
- Heinz Dopsch ; Robert Hoffmann: Salzburg. The story of a city. 2nd updated edition. 2008, Salzburg: Verlag Anton Pustet, ISBN 978-3-7025-0598-1 .
- Norbert Heger : Salzburg in Roman times. 1973, Salzburg: Salzburger Museum Carolino Augusteum (1973 annual, volume 19), pp. 94–97.
- Peter Walder-Gottsbacher: Nonntal - Inner and Outer Stone in Ancient Views. 1996, Zaltbommel / Netherlands: European Library, ISBN 90 288 6349 4 .
- Christian F. Uhlir (Ed.): Salzburg City Mountains. Mönchsberg - Kapuzinerberg - Festungsberg - Nonnberg - Rainberg. 2011, Salzburg: edition Winterwork, ISBN 978-3-86468-033-5 .