Rainberg (Salzburg)

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Rainberg
The Rainberg from the southeast

The Rainberg from the southeast

height 510  m above sea level A.
location Salzburg , Austria
Dominance 0.74 km →  Festungsberg
Notch height 60 m ↓  Am Rainberg
Coordinates 47 ° 47 '41 "  N , 13 ° 2' 11"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '41 "  N , 13 ° 2' 11"  E
Rainberg (Salzburg) (State of Salzburg)
Rainberg (Salzburg)

The Rainberg is the smallest of the Salzburg city ​​mountains, in the middle of the former eponymous district of Riedenburg . It is partly regarded as the foothills of the Mönchsberg and is at its highest point 510  m above sea level. A. high and like the Mönchsberg consists of conglomerate (Nagelfluh), a river gravel solidified with lime mortar, which was deposited here as a river delta.

history

The Rainberg was already settled in the earliest Neolithic . The settlement activity lasted over 5000 years (during the copper , bronze , iron , Hallstatt and Latène times ) until 15 BC. The Romans invaded under Emperor Augustus and the Celtic alums who last lived here moved into the area of ​​today's old town.

The hilltop settlement that was discovered on the Rainberg was the most important of the prehistoric settlements on the Salzburg island mountains around the old town. The archaeological materials found at this location were mostly discovered during quarrying work, rarely through targeted excavations. Ceramics and metal objects from the Latène period make up the majority (vessels, tools, jewelry, fibulae , coins), and the findings have hardly been scientifically processed until now (2012). The most outstanding find is a bronze boar statuette dating from the 1st century BC. Is dated.

Originally the Rainberg was called Hohe Riedenburg , or just Riedenburg ( Ritinburg "a rupe que Ritinburc appelatur", 1139), also Ofenlochberg . In the 19th century the name Riedenburg was transferred to the newly built district.

In 1525, during the siege of the Hohensalzburg Fortress , the rebellious farmers set up camp "on the high Riedenburg" (ie on the Rainberg).

In 1680 the court clerk Christoph Rein leased the Hohe Rittenburg . Since then the mountain has been named Rainberg after this tenant . In the Rainberg there are several caverns that were created as air raid bunkers and some of them are still in use today.

The Rainberg has been used as a conglomerate quarry since the early Middle Ages. The mountain was increasingly dismantled after 1680 and again after 1857. The Rainberg has been protected as a cultural monument since 1941/42. Since then, mining has also been suspended. The mountain has not been allowed to be entered since around 1955. The steppe slope on the Rainberg has been under nature protection since 1868 because of its unique warmth-loving flora and fauna, and the Rainberg forest has also been protected as a natural forest reserve since 1986.

The Academic Gymnasium Salzburg is located on the southern, lower part of the Rainberg .

Natural forest reserve

The Rainberg is designated as a natural forest reserve ( No. 1 ) as well as a protected landscape section  ( GLT00053 / Sbg: 19 ) to an extent of 6.2 ha (1986). The inaccessible summit area with 3.3 hectares is also a biogenetic reserve . It is a colline mixed deciduous forest (altitude range here 440-511), as it is characteristic of the Alpine foothills .

Overall, the protected area belongs to the Mönchsberg – Rainberg landscape protection area (83.84 ha,  LSG00042 ).

Rock steppe on the Rainberg

The steppe slope on the Rainberg on the south side is a relic of the post-glacial warm time, when a steppe-like warm climate was given here. In the earliest Neolithic Age, the first settlers worked the soil and kept the grass on the southern slope of the Rainberg through grazing cattle. Settlement on the Rainberg lasted almost 5000 years, but for the following 2000 years the mountain was still extensive pastureland (if not used as a quarry). Today goats continue the millennia-old care of the small steppe slope. On the steppe slope, a remarkable warmth-loving flora and fauna has been able to survive for thousands of years: dyer's gorse , great speedwell , hill meier , upright ziest , Austrian mountain mint, schiller grass , amethyst fescue , different-leaved fescue , pale fescue and others. Rare butterflies and grasshoppers also live here.

The rock steppe on Rainberg is also a protected part of the landscape  ( GLT00052 / Sbg: 20 ). to the extent of 0.4 ha (4000 m²) (also 1986). Until 1998 it was designated as a natural monument . However, the Nature Conservation Act 1977 provided for the protection of a protected part of the landscape and not a natural monument for such natural areas. Larger parts of the forest were also included in the natural monument, whereby the protective content of the natural monument contradicted the protective purposes of the natural forest reserve.

literature

  • Reinhard Medicus: The Ofenlochberg, now called Rainberg, in natural and cultural history in: Bastei , magazine of the city association, volume 1/2004, Salzburg 2004.
  • Christian F. Uhlir (Ed.): Salzburg City Mountains. Mönchsberg - Kapuzinerberg - Festungsberg - Nonnberg - Rainberg. edition Winterwork, Salzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86468-033-5 .
  • Karner, P. Lambert : Artificial caves from ancient times, Vienna 1903, reprint 2018, ISBN 978-3-96401-000-1 , Salzburg, pp. 195–196.

Web links

Commons : Rainberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Hell : The prehistoric finds from Rainberg in Salzburg. In: Georg Kyrle : Urgeschichte des Kronlandes Salzburg. Austrian Art Topography 17, 1918, Article III.
  2. ^ Susanne Sievers / Otto Helmut Urban / Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K and L-Z ; Announcements of the prehistoric commission published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1641.
  3. ^ Rainberg natural forest reserve in the nature reserve book of the State of Salzburg
  4. ^ Protected parts of the landscape: Rainberg natural forest reserve , stadt-salzburg.at
  5. ↑ a b Official Journal 23/1986
  6. ^ Walter Strobl: The Forest Societies of the Flysch and Moraine Zone of the Salzburg Alpine Edge Dissertation at the Natural Science Faculty of the University of Salzburg, 1978.
  7. ↑ rock steppe on Rainberg in the nature protection book of the state of Salzburg
  8. ↑ Protected landscape parts : Felsensteppe am Rainberg , stadt-salzburg.at
  9. ^ Notice of cancellation of NDM Magistrat Sbg. of October 15, 1998, No. 1/01/58295/90/58; GA Magistrat Salzburg (AV dated December 20, 1989)